数据确权中的权利束理论探赜  

On the Bundle of Rights Theory in Data Rights Confirmation

作　　者：唐婧瑶 TANG Jingyao(Human Rights Institute,Southwest University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学人权研究院

出　　处：《人权法学》2024年第5期42-61,151,152,共22页Journal of Human Rights Law

基　　金：2023年重庆市研究生科研创新项目“ANT理论视角下的数字弱势群体权利保障研究”(CYS23269)。

摘　　要：随着数据要素的加速流动和数字经济规模的日益扩大,数据确权获得理论界的广泛关注,相关的实践工作也在加速展开。当前,数据确权的理论路径争议主要分为规范建构模式和行为控制模式,权利束成为支撑数据确权规范建构的重要理论工具,其在数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权和数据产品经营权的设置中皆有所体现。对权利束特点的错误归纳和对权利束形态的不当描摹,造成了对权利束理论的误读,由此加剧了对数据权利的误判,使其权利概念释义模糊、运行规律解读不足。为了弥合其中的裂隙、展现权利束对数据确权的理论指引,需要重视权利束的观念价值、整合权利束的理论内容及发挥权利束的话语功能。这不仅是探寻当前我国数据确权问题的题中应有之义,同时也有助于回应数据交往中各利益主体日益迫切的权利诉求,在实现数字正义中构建有序的数字治理格局。With the vigorous growth of the current digital economy,the rapid increase in the speed of data circulation and the scope of expanding influence have led to a trend in data rights confirmation in China.The diverse conflicts of interest during the data flow process have resulted in the complexity of data rights confirmation.Two paths,represented by normative construction models and behavioral control models,provide different approaches to resolving these conflicts.Notably,many scholars supporting the normative construction path for data rights confirmation collectively incorporated a theoretical tool,the“bundle of rights”theory.The bundle of rights serves as an appropriate device for interpreting the characteristics of data rights structures and building a data rights system,as reflected in the specific fields of data ownership rights,data processing and using rights,and data product operation rights.However,with the ever-increasing maturity of theory and the development practical work,the theoretical gaps between data rights confirmation and the bundle of rights have become increasingly apparent.On the one hand,there needs to be more clarity regarding the bundle of rights theory.Current research has summarized four characteristics of the bundle of rights:first,it emphasizes relationships among people rather than between people and objects,second,it has a clustering effect,third,its rights are flexible and can be adjusted in quantity,and fourth,it can integrate social values,but these points have not been fully substantiated.Additionally,improper depictions of rights forms have exacerbated theoretical confusion;different forms such as the spheres of rights,the trees of rights,the networks of rights,and the blocks of rights each have their characteristics and limitations,with unclear boundaries.On the other hand,the misinterpretation of the bundle of rights theory has intensified the misjudgment of the characteristics of data rights.Due to the ambiguity and flow of the subject of data rights,and the high contro

关 键 词：数据确权 数据权利 权利束 权利结构 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]