人权原则的司法适用——基于已公开裁判文书的考察  

Judicial Application of Human Rights Principles:A Case Study on Publicly Available Judgements

作　　者：江秋伟 JIANG Qiuwei(School of Law,Guangdong University of Technology)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学法学院 [2]广东工业大学人权法治研究中心 [3]广东工业大学网络和数据法治研究中心

出　　处：《人权法学》2024年第5期134-146,161,162,共15页Journal of Human Rights Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“数字经济与数据治理中少数群体权利保障研究”(21CFX015);广东省哲学社会科学创新工程2022年度特别委托项目“粤港澳大湾区数据要素流通机制研究”(GD22TWCXGC11)。

摘　　要：在现代国家,人权保障被视为民主法治的基石。基于我国人民法院适用人权原则的574个司法案例可以得知,其中大部分司法案例涉及民事、刑事和行政案件,可将其主要分成如下三种类型,即价值宣示型、话语修辞型与直接证成型。人民法院在适用人权原则时遵从法律文件的表述,在重点权利中凸显人权原则的优先性。然而,在人民法院审判实践中,依然存在论证过程相对粗略的问题。人权原则的适用方法需要注意到人权原则与具体法律规则、相关法律原则的联结。In modern countries,the protection of human rights is considered the cornerstone of both democracy and the rule of law.The evolution from enumerating specific rights to incorporating broader,generalized human rights provisions represents an institutional advancement in the framework of human rights protection in China.From a systemic perspective,the fundamental rights of citizens represent a specific embodiment of human rights,while human rights are the generalized expression of these fundamental rights.This study analyzes 574 judicial cases in which the people’s courts of China applied human rights principles and reveals that most of these cases fall within civil,criminal,and administrative law and that these cases can be categorized into three distinct types:value proclamation,rhetorical discourse,and direct justification.In the value proclamation type,many people’s courts have proclaimed human rights principles or human rights guarantees as a value,but these proclamations do not function as evidence in the adjudication process.Instead,they serve as a form of“icing on the cake”,reinforcing the judgment without influencing its core legal basis.In the rhetorical discourse type,some people’s courts express human rights principles in a manner that is somewhat disconnected from the adjudication outcome.In such cases,human rights principles serve primarily a rhetorical function in the reasoning,rather than acting as substantive legal testimony.As a result,the final judgment often represents a“sudden departure”from the invoked human rights principles.In direct justification type,many people’s courts have explicitly used human rights principles as a central rationale for their decisions,thereby directly influencing and supporting the adjudication outcome.In applying human rights principles,the people’s courts adhere to the formulations set forth in legal documents,prioritizing these principles within the broader framework of fundamental rights.However,judicial practice still reveals deficiencies in th

关 键 词：人权原则 裁判理由 适用方法 

分 类 号：D920.5[政治法律—法学]