月表元素组成的粒子探测现状与展望  

Current Status and Prospects of Particle Detections for Lunar Surface Elemental Composition

作　　者：郭万磊[1] 胡航 程雅苹 GUO Wanlei;HU Hang;CHENG Yaping(Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China;Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高能物理研究所,北京100049 [2]广东海洋大学,湛江524088 [3]北京卫星环境工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《空间科学与试验学报》2024年第2期10-28,共19页Journal of Space Science and Experiment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12375098)。

摘　　要：月表元素组成是国际上月球探测和研究的热点。伽马射线谱仪和中子谱仪等粒子探测器广泛用于月球遥感探测,提供了月表天然放射性元素(U、Th、K)、主要元素(Fe、Ca、Si、Al、Mg等)和水冰(H元素)的分布情况。这些数据极大地促进了人类对月球起源与演化历史的研究,同时也推动了近年来世界各国开发利用月球资源以及建设月球科研站的步伐。在国际月球探测新热潮背景下,本文从粒子物理和原子核物理的角度阐述了携带有元素特征信息的伽马粒子和中子的产生机制,介绍了伽马谱仪和中子谱仪的探测原理和探测器响应,并综述了近30年来粒子探测器在月表元素组成上所取得的主要研究成果以及相关数据分析方法。这些内容可为我国未来嫦娥七号和其他深空探测任务的相关研究提供参考。Lunar surface elemental composition has always been a focused topic in the field of lunar exploration and research.Particle detectors,such as Gamma-Ray Spectrometer(GRS)and Neutron Spectrometer(NS),are widely used to determine the distributions of natural radioactive elements(U,Th,K),major elements(Fe,Ca,Si,Al,Mg,etc.),and water ice(H)on the lunar surface.These findings have significantly promoted human understanding of the Moon origin and evolution,and have also driven the step to develop and utilize lunar resources,as well as to establish the lunar research station.Amidst future many lunar explorations,this paper discusses the generation mechanisms of gamma-rays and neutrons carrying elemental features.We introduce detection principles and detector responses of both GRS and NS,and give an overview of the main results and related data analysis methods for the lunar surface element composition over the past 30 years.This work can serve as a reference for future China lunar exploration missions such as Chang'E-7 and other deep space exploration tasks.

关 键 词：月表元素组成 月球水冰 月球遥感探测 伽马谱仪 中子谱仪 

分 类 号：P184[天文地球—天文学]