第二宇宙速度再入高焓烧蚀试验  

High Enthalpy Ablation Test of Second Cosmic Velocity Reentry

作　　者：高贺[1] 袁国伍 欧东斌[1] 董彦芝[3] 梁馨[4] 匡松连[4] GAO He;YUAN Guowu;OU Dongbin;DONG Yanzhi;LIANG Xin;KUANG Songlian(China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics,Beijing 100074,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Arc Plasma Application Equipment,Beijing 100074,China;China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100098,China;Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天空气动力技术研究院,北京100074 [2]电弧等离子应用装备北京市重点实验室,北京100074 [3]中国空间技术研究院,北京100098 [4]航天材料及工艺研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《空间科学与试验学报》2024年第2期80-85,共6页Journal of Space Science and Experiment

摘　　要：针对国内无法进行高焓气动热地面试验的难题,中国航天空气动力技术研究院研究团队利用磁等离子动力加热器、高频感应加热器和电弧加热器相结合的试验技术,实现了第二宇宙速度再入气动热环境的复现。试验技术在采用ϕ60 mm-SR90 mm等热流驻点模型时,可实现气流焓值范围8~87 MJ/kg,热流密度范围500~6800 kW/m2,驻点压力范围1~66 kPa,获得了4种典型防热材料烧蚀性能随高焓流场参数的变化规律,印证了碳硅复合热解防热材料的高焓烧蚀机理。在气流总焓一定的情况下,防热材料的烧蚀率随热流密度的增大而增大;在热流密度一定的情况下,防热材料的烧蚀率随总焓的增大而减小。该试验技术已经服务于探月后续项目,同时可应用于高温非平衡效应研究中,更可为将来的载人登月和深空探测提供设备基础和技术储备。It is a technology difficulty to carry out the high enthalpy aerothermodynamic ground test in China before.The magneto plasma dynamic heater,inductively coupled plasma heater and arc heater are combined to be one kind of ground test technology by China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics.This test technology can simulate the aerothermodynamic environment of second cosmic velocity reentry in ground test now.When theϕ60 mm-SR90 mm uniform heat flux stagnation sample is utilized,the test technology can realize the aerothermodynamic condition as below:8~87 MJ/kg enthalpy,500~6800 kW/m2 heat flux,and 1~66 kPa stagnation pressure.The ablation performances of four classic types of TPMs affected by heat flux and total enthalpy have been obtained in high enthalpy heating condition.The ablation mechanism of carbon silicon composite pyrolysis TPM has been proved through the research.When the total enthalpy is invariable,the ablation rate will rise in logarithmic curve with heat flux increase.When the heat flux is invariable,the ablation rate will decline in exponential curve with total enthalpy increase.The test technology has been used in subsequent phase of the Lunar Exploration Project,and can also be applied to the study of high temperature nonequilibrium effects,and will provide equipment foundation and technical reserves for future manned moon landings and deep space exploration projects.

关 键 词：高焓 烧蚀试验 烧蚀性能 热流密度 气流总焓 

分 类 号：V250.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]