中国近地天体防御国际合作路径探析  

Analysis on the International Cooperation Path of China's Near-Earth Object Defense

作　　者：杨逸雪 蒋圣力[1] YANG Yixue;JIANG Shengli(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学,上海200042

出　　处：《空间科学与试验学报》2024年第2期106-116,共11页Journal of Space Science and Experiment

摘　　要：针对行星撞击地球这一横在人类头顶的“达摩克利斯之剑”,以包括核爆、动能撞击等手段在内的近地天体防御技术作为解决该问题的首选方案已成为国际共识。纵使目前涌现了一系列协调近地天体威胁应对措施的机构与合作范例,由于这一领域的国际法框架尚未发展成熟,目前中国在国际合作层面仍面临着监测预警受限、在轨处置透明度不足以及决策机制有失合理等困境。有鉴于此,当下中国在推进国际合作的同时应积极构建自身太空话语权框架,整合国际条约文件的相关规定和其他公域治理经验,针对近地天体防御提出行动草案,并围绕信息共享、决策以及监督评估分别建立起完整的前、中、后期国际合作机制。这不仅有助于将“人类命运共同体”的理念拓展到外空领域,也将进一步促进外空和平和长期可持续利用,维护全人类在外空领域的共同利益。In response to the potential threat of planetary impacts on Earth,often likened to the“Sword of Damocles”hanging over humanity,Near-Earth Object(NEO)defense technologies,such as Nuclear Explosion and Kinetic Impact,have become the preferred solutions within the international community.Despite the emergence of various institutions and cooperative models aimed at coordinating responses to NEO threats,the international legal framework governing this field remains underdeveloped.Consequently,China faces challenges in international cooperation,including limitations in monitoring and early warning systems,insufficient transparency in on-orbit management,and unreasonable decisionmaking mechanisms.In light of these challenges,China should actively build its own space discourse framework while promoting international cooperation.This involves integrating relevant provisions from international treaties and drawing on governance experiences from other global commons.China should also propose an action plan for NEO defense,establishing comprehensive international cooperation mechanisms for information sharing,decision-making,and oversight across the pre-event,mid-event,and post-event phases.These efforts will not only help extend the concept of“a community with a shared future for mankind”to outer space but also further promote the peaceful and sustainable use of outer space,safeguarding the common interests of all humanity in this domain.

关 键 词：监测预警 在轨处置 近地天体防御 国际合作 人类命运共同体 

分 类 号：D999.1[政治法律—国际法学]