城市化粪池粪便污泥基本物料特性及潜在环境风险  

Basic Material Properties and Potential Environmental Risks of Fecal Sludge from Urban Septic Tanks

作　　者：徐垚 张亚雷[1,2] 周雪飞 XU Yao;ZHANG Yalei;ZHOU Xuefei(State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092;Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092 [2]农业农村部农村厕所与污水治理技术重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2024年第5期17-23,共7页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1601000)。

摘　　要：对城市化粪池粪便污泥的基本物料特性及潜在环境风险进行初步探讨,以上海市5座公共厕所化粪池为研究对象,采用多种方法测定其粪便污泥中的养分、病原微生物、重金属及抗生素含量,以期为后续资源化利用提供一定的数据支撑。结果表明:粪便污泥中有机质和营养元素丰富,可以作为肥料原料应用,但碳氮比(C/N)远低于一般常规堆肥处理工艺的C/N要求(15~25);粪大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌和沙门氏菌在所有样品中均被检出,其中粪大肠杆菌高达53700~92100 n/g;粪便污泥中重金属含量远低于市政污泥,其中Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb和Ni的环境风险指数均<10,且综合风险指数为19.36,属低生态风险;5组粪便污泥被检出的四环素、金霉素和磺胺甲恶唑的生态风险等级均为第二风险等级(低风险),即粪便污泥直接农用的抗生素生态风险虽然较低,但不能被忽视。因此,城市化粪池粪便污泥具有较高的资源化利用潜力,但需选择适当处理技术以应对以上存在的潜在风险。The basic material properties and potential environmental risks of fecal sludge from urban public toilets were preliminary discussed.Taking five public toilets in Shanghai as the research object,various methods were used to determine the nutrient,pathogenic microorganism,heavy metals,and antibiotic content in its fecal sludge,in order to provide specific data support for the subsequent resource utilization of fecal sludge.The results showed that the fecal sludge was rich in organic matter and nutrients,while could be used as the fertilizer raw material,but the carbon-nitrogen ratio(C/N)was significantly lower than the C/N ratio required(15~25)for general conventional composting treatment processes.All samples contained fecal coliform,fecal enterococci,and salmonella,with fecal coliform levels ranging from 53700 n/g to 92100 n/g.The content of heavy metals in fecal sludge was much lower than that in municipal sludge,and the environmental risk indexes of Zn,Cu,Cr,Cd,Pb,and Ni were all below 10.The composite risk index was 19.36,indicating low eco-risk.The ecological risk levels of tetracycline,chlortetracycline and sulfamethoxazole detected in the five groups of fecal sludge were the second risk level,that is,although the ecological risk of antibiotics in fecal sludge for direct agricultural use was low,it could not be ignored.Therefore,urban fecal sludge from septic tank has a high potential for resource utilization,but appropriate treatment technologies need to be selected to cope with the above potential risks.

关 键 词：粪便污泥 物料特性 病原微生物 抗生素 重金属 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]