植物耐盐机制研究进展及展望  

Advances and Prospect on Mechanism of Salt Tolerance in Plants

作　　者：王大江[1,4] 刘昭 路翔 高源 孙思邈[1] 郭含欣 田雯 王霖 李子琛 李连文 王昆 刘继红[2,3] WANG Dajiang;LIU Zhao;LU Xiang;GAO Yuan;SUN Simiao;GUO Hanxin;TIAN Wen;WANG Lin;LI Zichen;LI Lianwen;WANG Kun;LIU Jihong(Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People′s Republic of China,Xingcheng 125100,China;Agricultural College,Shihezi University,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization,Shihezi 832000,China;College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Wuhan 430070,China;National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land,Dongying 257000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所,农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100 [2]石河子大学农学院,特色果树栽培生理与种质资源利用兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [3]华中农业大学园林学院,果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [4]国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心,山东东营257000

出　　处：《华北农学报》2024年第5期80-92,共13页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：中国农业科学院创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-RIP-02)。

摘　　要：植物的生长和生产面临各种生物和非生物胁迫,其中盐胁迫严重影响植物的正常生长发育、品质和产量形成。植物在长期的演化过程中,进化出了适应盐胁迫的形态结构、生理生化反应和遗传基础。在形态结构上,耐盐植物的叶片具有蜡质层、气孔密度低于盐敏感植物,另外具有泌盐或者阻断功能的盐腺、毛状体、盐囊泡、凯氏带等结构;在生理活动调节方面,一方面耐盐植物具有高的酶促和非酶促抗氧化物质,如SOD、CAT、酚类物质等,另一方面耐盐植物具有较高的渗透调节物质含量,或者在盐胁迫下可以合成渗透调节物质,包括有机物质可溶性蛋白和糖以及无机盐离子等;在分子机理方面,SOS途径是研究得最为清晰的离子调控途径,通过SOS1、SOS2和SOS3协同作用维持细胞内Na^(+)/K^(+)平衡;此外,植物激素及碳代谢途径在植物耐盐过程中亦具有重要作用。本研究通过综述植物耐盐研究进展,探讨耐盐植物在形态结构、生理基础、遗传分子基础和转基因手段在响应盐胁迫的潜在研究重点和方向,有助于研究人员快速找到切入点,逐步完善植物的耐盐机理体系,加快耐盐植物的高效利用。Plant growth and production are faced with various biological and abiotic stresses,among which salt stress seriously affects the normal growth and development,quality and yield formation of plants.Plants have evolved morphological structure,physiological and biochemical reactions and genetic basis to adapt to salt stress during the long process of evolution.In terms of morphological structure,the leaves of salt-tolerant plants have waxy layer and lower stomatal density than those of salt-sensitive plants,and salt glands,microhairs,salt vesicles,and casparian strip have salt secretion or blocking functions.In terms of physiological activity regulation,on the one hand,salt-tolerant plants have high enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant substances,such as SOD,CAT,phenolic substances,on the other hand,salt-tolerant plants have a high content of osmoregulatory substances,or can synthesize osmoregulatory substances under salt stress,including soluble proteins and sugars of organic substances and inorganic ions.In terms of molecular mechanism,SOS pathway is the most clearly studied ion regulation pathway,which maintains intracellular Na^(+)/K^(+)balance through the synergistic action of SOS1,SOS2 and SOS3.In addition,plant hormones and carbon metabolism pathways also play an important role in the process of plant salt tolerance.This paper summarizes the research progress of salt-tolerant plants,and discusses the potential research focus and direction of salt-tolerant plants in terms of morphological structure,physiological basis,genetic molecular basis and transgenic methods in response to salt stress,which will help researchers quickly find the breakthrough point,gradually improve the mechanism system of salt-tolerant plants,and accelerate the efficient utilization of salt-tolerant plants.

关 键 词：植物 耐盐 抗氧化 渗透调控 离子毒害 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学]