钾肥与赤霉素互作对烟株生长发育与上部烟叶质量的影响  

Effects of Interaction Between Potassium Fertilizer and Gibberellin on Growth and Development of Tobacco Plant and Quality of Upper Tobacco Leaves

作　　者：彭玉龙 万军 李贤 王慎强[3] 周之蔚 武星旺 芶剑渝 付艺婷 李青山 PENG Yulong;WAN Jun;LI Xian;WANG Shenqiang;ZHOU Zhiwei;WU Xingwang;GOU Jianyu;FU Yiting;LI Qingshan(Zunyi Branch Company,Guizhou Tobacco Company,Zunyi,Guizhou 563000;Qingdao Cigarette Factory,China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co.Ltd.,Qingdao,Shandong 266100;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210008;Shanghai Tobacco Group Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200082;School of Environments and Resource,Anqing Normal University,Anqing,Anhui 246133,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司,贵州遵义563000 [2]山东中烟工业有限责任公司青岛卷烟厂,山东青岛266100 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [4]上海烟草集团有限责任公司,上海200082 [5]安庆师范大学资源环境学院,安徽安庆246133

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第10期1-9,共9页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司贵州省公司重点研发项目“提高上部叶可用性的关键技术研发”(2022MX19);上海烟草有限责任公司烟叶基地技术推广项目“提高贵州遵义上部烟叶可用性的关键技术研究”(20223100001);安徽省教育厅高校自然科学研究重点项目“长江中下游冬油菜产区配施黑水虻粪的减肥增效机制与配施技术研究”(2023AH050509)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明钾肥与赤霉素互作对烟株生长发育与上部烟叶质量的影响,为改善上部烟叶品质提供理论支撑。【方法】以云烟87为试材,采用随机区组试验,设置CK:常规生产操作;TK_(1):常规生产操作,成熟期喷施2 g/kg糖醇螯合钾;TK_(2):常规生产操作,基肥增施草木灰1500 kg/hm^(2),打顶期喷施20 mg/kg赤霉素;TK_(3):常规生产操作,基肥增施草木灰1500 kg/hm^(2),打顶期喷施20 mg/kg赤霉素和成熟期喷施2 g/kg糖醇螯合钾4个处理,分析不同处理对烤烟上部烟叶的田间农艺性状、生理指标、烤后烟叶的化学成分、经济性状及土壤养分含量的影响。【结果】成熟期,与CK相比,TK_(1)、TK_(2)和TK_(3)处理均提高上部6片烟叶的叶面积,增幅分别为0.79%、14.91%和20.88%;TK_(1)处理较CK降低上部叶开片度,TK_(2)和TK_(3)处理分别提高0.73%和2.35%。相较CK,TK_(1)、TK_(2)和TK_(3)处理烤后烟叶的钾含量分别显著提高6.63%、12.15%和16.02%(P<0.05),上等烟率分别增加0.70%、17.53%和54.24%,烟碱含量分别降低10.86%、16.85%和15.74%,糖碱比分别提高2.97%、21.93%和25.65%,钾氯比分别提高19.65%、15.79%和27.72%。【结论】相较于单纯提升基肥施钾量或叶面钾肥与赤霉素的互作,基肥中增施草木灰并结合打顶期喷施赤霉素与成熟期喷施糖醇螯合钾的协同措施更有利于提高上部烟叶的叶面积、开片度与钾含量,优化糖碱比和钾氯比,降低烟碱含量,且能显著提高上等烟比例,是提升烟叶品质的有效方法。【Objective】In order to provide the theoretical support for improving the quality of upper tobacco leaves,the effects of the interaction between potassium fertilizer and gibberellin on growth and development of tobacco plant and quality of upper tobacco leaves were explored.【Method】Taking Yunyan 87 as test material,four treatments were set up by a randomized block experiment,including CK(conventional production operation),TK_(1)(conventional production operation with spraying 2 g/kg sugar alcohol chelated potassium at the maturity stage),TK_(2)(conventional production operation with basal application of 1500 kg/hm^(2)straw ash and 20 mg/kg gibberellin at the topping stage),and TK_(3)(conventional production operation with basal application of 1500 kg/hm^(2)straw ash,20 mg/kg gibberellin at the topping stage and 2 g/kg sugar alcohol chelated potassium at the maturity stage).The effects of different treatments on the agronomic traits,physiological index of tobacco upper leaves in field,the chemical component leaves and economic traits of cured tobacco,and soil nutrient content were analyzed.【Result】At the maturity stage,compared with CK,TK_(1),TK_(2)and TK_(3) all increased the leaf area of the upper six tobacco leaves,with increments of 0.79%,14.91%and 20.88%,respectively.The upper leaf openness of TK_(1)reduced compared with CK,while that of TK_(2)and TK_(3) increased by 0.73%and 2.35%,respectively.Compared with CK,TK_(1),TK_(2)and TK_(3) significantly increased potassium content of cured tobacco leaves by 6.63%,12.15%and 16.02%(P<0.05),first-class tobacco ratio increased by 0.70%,17.53%and 54.24%,nicotine content decreased by 10.86%,16.85%and 15.74%,sugar-nicotine ratio increased by 2.97%,21.93%and 25.65%,and potassium-chlorine ratio increased by 19.65%,15.79%and 27.72%,respectively.【Conclusion】Compared with increasing basal potassium amount or the interaction between foliar potassium and gibberellin,the synergistic treatment of basal application of straw ash combined with spraying gibberellin at

关 键 词：草木灰 赤霉素 糖醇螯合钾 上部烟叶 

分 类 号：S363[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]