钾镁平衡施肥对烤烟生长与产质量的影响  

Effects of Potassium and Magnesium Balanced Fertilization on Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：梁琼月[1] 贾海江[2] 何明雄 范晓苏 首安发 路丹[1] 梁永进[2] 石保峰 卢昌友 沈方科[1] LIANG Qiongyue;JIA Haijiang;HE Mingxiong;FAN Xiaosu;SHOU Anfa;LU Dan;LIANG Yongjin;SHI Baofeng;LU Changyou;SHEN Fangke(Agricultural College/National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Plant Science,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004;China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi 530001;Hechi Branch,Guangxi Tobacco Corporation,Hechi,Guangxi 547001;Hezhou Branch,Guangxi Tobacco Corporation,Hezhou,Guangxi 542899,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院/植物科学国家级实验教学示范中心,广西南宁530004 [2]广西中烟工业有限责任公司,广西南宁530001 [3]广西壮族自治区烟草公司河池市公司,广西河池547001 [4]广西壮族自治区烟草公司贺州市公司,广西贺州542899

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第10期10-18,共9页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西中烟工业有限责任公司科技计划项目“广西K326植烟区土壤肥力分析与调控技术研究及应用”(2021450000340040);中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司科技计划项目“河池烟区K326中棵烟生产关键技术研究”(桂烟综﹝2023﹞50号202345120026059)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明钾、镁养分平衡供给对烤烟光合特性与产质量的影响,为烤烟生产中钾镁肥科学施用提供依据。【方法】以云烟87为材料,在贺州烟区柳家镇(L)和朝东镇(C)2个试验点开展钾镁肥配比施用试验,设置CK:叶面喷施清水;T1:有机酸钾镁Ⅰ溶液(K2O 9%,MgO 7.5%);T2:有机酸钾镁Ⅱ溶液(K_(2)O 9%,MgO 3.75%)共3个处理,比较不同配比钾镁营养对烤烟生长、叶片质体色素及光合性能、烤后烟叶化学成分与经济性状的影响。【结果】钾镁配合施肥显著促进烤烟的生长,柳家镇和朝东镇试验点中,株高和叶片数均以有机酸钾镁Ⅰ溶液处理提高效果最显著,其中,株高分别较CK提高16.05%和12.16%,叶片数分别提高9.29%和8.97%。柳家镇试验点有机酸钾镁Ⅱ溶液处理烟株的最大叶面积显著大于有机酸钾镁Ⅰ溶液,增幅达5.73%。钾镁配合施肥处理显著提高烟叶质体色素含量与净光合速率,钾镁平衡施肥处理显著提高烟叶产量,其中,上等烟比例和产值以朝东镇试验点效果较好,2个试验点产量与产值均以有机酸钾镁Ⅱ溶液处理较佳。在烤烟化学成分方面,钾镁配合施肥处理显著提高烟叶总钾、总镁含量,降低钾镁比;提高下部叶总糖和还原糖含量,改善烟叶化学成分的协调性。【结论】施用钾镁平衡肥能不同程度促进烟株生长与产量提高,利于烟叶质体色素积累和光合性能提高,协调烟叶化学成分,改善烟叶品质;增产与增值效果以喷施相同钾肥的基础上配施低镁处理较佳。【Objective】The effects of balanced supply of potassium and magnesium nutrients on photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were explored to provide the basis for the scientific application of potassium and magnesium fertilizer in the production of flue-cured tobacco.【Method】The leaves of Yunyan 87 were sprayed with clean water(CK),organic potassium magnesium Ⅰ solution(T1:9%K_(2)O,7.5%MgO)and organic potassium magnesium Ⅱ solution(T2:9%K_(2)O,3.75%MgO)in Liujia Town(L)and Chaodong Town(C)of Hezhou tobacco-growing area.The effects of different ratios of potassium and magnesium on the growth,leaf plastid pigment and photosynthetic properties of flue-cured tobacco,and chemical composition and economic properties of cured tobacco were compared.【Result】The combined fertilization with potassium and magnesium significantly promoted the growth of flue-cured tobacco,and the effects of plant height and leaf number of T_(1) improved the most significantly in Liujia Town and Chaodong Town,among which the plant height increased by 16.05%and 12.16%compared with CK,while the leaf number increased by 9.29%and 8.97%,respectively.The maximum leaf area of T_(2) was significantly greater than that of T_(1) in Liujia Town with an increase of 5.73%.At the same time,the combined fertilization with potassium and magnesium significantly increased the plastid pigment content and net photosynthetic rate of tobacco leaves,and the balanced fertilization with potassium and magnesium increased significantly the yield,among which the proportion of superior-class tobacco and output value were better in Chaodong Town,the yield and output value of T_(2) in the two testing sites were the best.In terms of chemical composition,combined fertilization of potassium and magnesium increased the total potassium,total magnesium content significantly,decreased potassium-magnesium ratio,and increased total sugar and reducing sugar content of bottom leaves,and improved the coordination of chemical composition in to

关 键 词：烤烟 钾 镁 平衡施肥 农艺性状 光合特性 化学成分 经济性状 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]