黔中地区鲜食玉米播期气象因子对生育进程与产量的影响  

Effects of Meteorological Factors in Sowing Period on Growth Process and Yield of Fresh Maize in Central Guizhou

作　　者：邹军 韦海龙 左晋 安林 程乙 宋碧[2] ZOU Jun;WEI Hailong;ZUO Jin;AN Lin;CHENG Yi;SONG Bi(Guizhou Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001;Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025;Guizhou Provincial Center for Ecology and Agricultural Meteorology,Guiyang,Guizhou 550002,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农作物技术推广总站,贵州贵阳550001 [2]贵州大学,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省生态与农业气象中心,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第10期60-68,共9页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技厅项目“优质鲜食玉米绿色栽培技术示范与推广”(黔科合成果〔2021〕一般002)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明播期气象因子对黔中地区鲜食玉米生育进程、产量及构成因子的影响,为黔中地区鲜食玉米最适播期确定及高产栽培提供技术支撑。【方法】2021—2022年,以市场畅销的鲜食玉米品种万糯2000、农科糯336和彩甜糯6号为试验材料,设3月10日、3月20日、3月30日、4月9日、4月19日、4月29日6个播期,考察不同播期鲜食玉米生育进程与产量,采用回归与灰色关联度方法,分析鲜食玉米生育进程、产量及产量构成因子对气象因子的响应。【结果】年际间、播期间(2021年)对3个鲜食玉米品种的产量影响差异极显著,品种间、播期间(2022年)对3个鲜食玉米品种的产量影响差异显著,年际与播期呈极显著互作效应;2021年随播期推迟平均产量呈先增后降趋势,以4月19日播期产量(25234.81 kg/hm^(2))最高,其次是4月9日播期;2022年以4月29日播期产量(18410.05 kg/hm^(2))最高,其次是4月9日播期。【结论】黔中地区鲜食玉米品种适宜播期在4月中下旬,最适播期为4月20日左右,该播期的气象条件更有利于鲜食玉米的生长发育,实现黔中地区鲜食玉米高产稳产。【Objective】The effects of meteorological factors in sowing period on the growth process,yield and its components of fresh maize were explored to determine the optimum sowing date of fresh maize and to provide technical support for the high-yield cultivation in central Guizhou.【Method】From 2021 to 2022,the best-selling varieties Wannuo 2000,Nongkenuo 336,and Caitiannuo 6 were used as experimental materials.Six sowing dates(March 10,March 20,March 30,April 9,April 19 and April 29)were set to study the growth process and yield of fresh maize in different sowing periods.Regression analysis and gray correlation analysis were used to analyze the response of the growth process,yield and component factors of fresh maize to meteorological factors.【Result】Different years and sowing date(2021)had very significantly different effects on the yield of three fresh maize varieties,while different varieties and sowing date(2022)had significantly different effects on the yield of three fresh maize varieties,and there was very significant interaction effect between the year and the sowing date.The average yield in 2021 showed a first increasing and then decreasing trend with the delay of the sowing date,and the yield with the sowing date of April 19 was the highest(25234.81 kg/hm^(2)),followed by that of April 9.The yield of fresh maize sowed on April 29 in 2022 was the highest(18410.05 kg/hm^(2)),followed by that of April 9.【Conclusion】The suitable sowing period of fresh maize in central Guizhou is late April,and the optimum date is around April 20.The climate condition of this sowing date is more beneficial to the growth and development of fresh maize,and to achieve the high and stable yield of fresh maize in central Guizhou.

关 键 词：鲜食玉米 播期 产量 产量构成因子 气象因子 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]