金属氧化物催化剂表界面效应对AP热分解性能影响进展  

Progress in the Influence of Surface and Interface Effects of Metal Oxide Catalysts on the Thermal Decomposition Performance of AP

作　　者：李思恒 曲文刚[1] 赵凤起[1] 姜一帆 张震 张明 张建侃 刘鹤欣 LI Si-heng;QU Wen-gang;ZHAO Feng-qi;JIANG Yi-fan;ZHANG Zhen;ZHANG Ming;ZHANG Jian-kan;LIU He-xin(National Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials,Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所含能材料全国重点实验室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《含能材料》2024年第10期1118-1135,共18页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22175140)。

摘　　要：高氯酸铵(AP)作为固体推进剂中重要的氧化剂,其热分解性能直接影响固体推进剂的燃烧特性。使用燃烧催化剂能够降低AP的分解温度并提高其分解速率。研究总结了应用于AP热分解的纳米燃烧催化剂微观结构调控的不同手段,分析了晶面、缺陷和复合界面等微结构调控方式对其在AP热分解反应中催化活性和催化机理的影响,并探究能获得最佳催化性能的催化剂特征。结果表明,通过调整暴露晶面、元素掺杂和构建复合界面结构可以提高纳米金属氧化物燃烧催化剂的催化活性;过渡金属氧化物纳米催化剂能通过暴露指定晶面实现催化活性的提升,元素掺杂能通过产生缺陷从而提升催化效果,构建复合界面结构能够利用界面效应调控催化位点的活性,从而有效提升催化性能。过渡金属氧化物纳米催化剂在提升AP热分解性能方面表现出了良好的催化活性。Ammonium perchlorate(AP)is an important oxidant in solid propellants,and its thermal decomposition performance directly affects the combustion characteristics of solid propellants.The use of combustion catalysts can lower the decomposition temperature and increase the decomposition rate of AP.Different methods for microstructure control of nano-combustion cata-lysts for AP thermal decomposition were studied and summarized.The effects of microstructure control methods such as crystal planes,defects,and composite interfaces on the catalytic activity and catalytic mechanism of combustion catalysts for AP ther-mal decomposition reaction were analyzed.Besides,the characteristics of catalysts that can achieve optimal catalytic perfor-mance were explored.The results indicate that the catalytic activity of nanometal oxide combustion catalysts can be improved by adjusting the exposed crystal faces,element doping and constructing a composite interface structure.Among them,transition metal oxide nano-catalysts can enhance catalytic activity by exposing designated crystal planes,and element doping enhances catalytic activity by generating defects,while constructing a composite interface structure utilizes interface effects to regulate the activity of catalytic sites,thereby enhancing catalytic activity.Transition metal oxide nano-catalysts showed good catalytic activi-ty in improving the thermal decomposition performance of AP.

关 键 词：纳米材料 燃烧催化剂 微观结构 高氯酸铵 反应机理 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]