混氢燃气轮机用高温结构材料与热障涂层研究进展  

Research progress on high temperature structural materials and thermal barrier coatings for hydrogen mixing gas turbines

作　　者：梅浩 尚勇 常可可 于海原 茹毅 赵文月 赵海根 王文文[1,6] 裴延玲 李树索[1] 宫声凯[2,3] MEI Hao;SHANG Yong;CHANG Keke;YU Haiyuan;RU Yi;ZHAO Wenyue;ZHAO Haigen;WANG Wenwen;PEI Yanling;LI Shusuo;GONG Shengkai(Research Institute of Aero-Engine,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Tianmushan Laboratory,Hangzhou 311115,China;Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials,Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ningbo 315201,Zhejiang,China;Materials Research Institute,Beijing Beiye Functional Materials Co.,LTD.,Beijing 100192,China;Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学航空发动机研究院,北京100191 [2]北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100191 [3]天目山实验室,杭州311115 [4]中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所海洋关键材料重点实验室,浙江宁波315201 [5]北京北冶功能材料有限公司材料研究所,北京100192 [6]北京交通大学,北京100044

出　　处：《航空材料学报》2024年第5期86-104,共19页Journal of Aeronautical Materials

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金(22B20116);浙江省自然科学基金(LZ23E020005);航空发动机及燃气轮机基础科学中心项目(P2022-B-Ⅳ-009-001);中国航空发动机集团产学研合作项目(HFZL2021CXY016)。

摘　　要：随着全球能源结构的转型和环保要求的提高,混氢燃气轮机作为一种高效、低排放的能源转换设备受到了广泛关注。本文综述国内外混氢燃气轮机的发展现状,分析燃气轮机中氢气燃烧的特性,探讨燃氢对复杂部件的影响及其高温材料的应用,同时分析在高温、高压和腐蚀条件下工作的热端部件材料所需满足的性能要求,以及目前材料研发中的主要挑战与潜在解决方案。详细讨论氢燃烧过程中,水蒸气以及氢脆效应对燃气轮机合金和热障涂层的影响。水蒸气会加速合金的氧化和腐蚀,导致合金力学性能下降。此外,氢脆效应也会严重影响合金的韧性和耐久性,增加裂纹扩展和断裂的风险。针对这些问题,未来研究应重点关注多场耦合模拟和加速腐蚀实验的探究,综合考虑温度、压力、不同气氛等多种因素,建立真实环境模拟器,评估合金和涂层性能。同时应注重氢气和水蒸气同时存在时对高温合金和热障涂层产生的复合效应,深入探究氢在合金中的扩散机制、与晶格缺陷的相互作用和引发氢脆的微观过程。构建高温水蒸气环境下氧化模型,明晰水蒸气在高温下的解离吸附机制,保护性氧化膜Al_(2)O_(3)和Cr_(2)O_(3)的羟基化以及非保护性氧化物(如尖晶石)的生长行为。With the global energy transition and increasing environmental requirements,hydrogen-mixed gas turbines as a highefficiency and low-emission energy conversion equipment has been widely concerned.This paper reviews the development status of hydrogen-mixed gas turbines domestically and internationally,analyzes the characteristics of hydrogen combustion in gas turbines,explores the impact of hydrogen combustion on complex components and the application of high-temperature materials,and analyzes the performance requirements for hot-end component materials operating under high temperature,high pressure,and corrosive conditions,as well as the main challenges and potential solutions in current material development.The effects of water vapor and hydrogen embrittlement during hydrogen combustion on gas turbine alloys and thermal barrier coatings are discussed in detail.Water vapor accelerates the oxidation and corrosion of alloys,leading to a decline in mechanical properties.Furthermore,hydrogen embrittlement significantly affects the toughness and durability of alloys,increasing the risk of crack propagation and fracture.In terms of the problems,future research should focus on multi-field coupling simulations and accelerated corrosion tests,considering the factors such as temperature,pressure,and different atmospheres to establish realistic environment simulators to evaluate alloy and coating performances.Additionally,the combined effects of hydrogen and water vapor on high-temperature alloys and thermal barrier coatings should be emphasized.This includes investigating the diffusion mechanisms of hydrogen in alloys,interactions with lattice defects,and the microscopic processes leading to hydrogen embrittlement.Building oxidation models in high-temperature water vapor environments,clarifying the dissociation and adsorption mechanisms of water vapor at high temperatures,the hydroxylation of protective oxide films Al_(2)O_(3) and Cr_(2)O_(3),and the growth behavior of non-protective oxides(e.g.,spinel)are also essential.

关 键 词：燃气轮机氢燃料 燃烧特性 高温合金 热障涂层 

分 类 号：V259[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]