高强铝合金腐蚀行为及评价方法研究进展  

Research progress on corrosion behavior and evaluation methods of high-strength aluminum alloys

作　　者：贾雪娇 丁德一 韩超 李松梅[1] 刘建华[1] 于美[1] JIA Xuejiao;DING Deyi;HAN Chao;LI Songmei;LIU Jianhua;YU Mei(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100191

出　　处：《航空材料学报》2024年第5期139-153,共15页Journal of Aeronautical Materials

摘　　要：高强铝合金具有比强度高、加工性能好等特点,广泛应用于航空、航天等领域。腐蚀是影响高强铝合金服役安全稳定的重要因素。本文从高强铝合金的制备工艺出发,重点讨论热处理引起的组织结构变化对高强铝合金耐腐蚀性能的影响,分析高强铝合金的组织结构与腐蚀行为之间的对应关系,提出增强高强铝合金耐蚀性的研究方向。高强铝合金中的元素及相偏析,易导致其组织结构的电化学不均匀,引发基体腐蚀。因此,在合金成分优化的基础上,调控高强铝合金的熔融铸造工艺、加工成形工艺、热处理工艺,制备出元素及第二相分布均匀、电化学性质均一的组织结构,对改善高强铝合金的耐蚀性至关重要。此外,合金中无析出相区域的宽度及晶界析出相间的距离、分布等对合金的腐蚀敏感性具有重要的影响,深入研究并阐明无析出相区域等各类组织结构对合金腐蚀行为的影响规律及机制,是制备高耐蚀高强铝合金的前提。通过优化时效、形变热处理等热处理方法,开发新型的复合热处理方法以平衡高强铝合金的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。同时,本文论述了高强铝合金耐腐蚀性能的实验方法及评价方法。为了更加高效正确地评估高强铝合金的耐蚀性及服役安全,未来还需要在传统评价方法与数字孪生、虚拟仿真实验、机器学习等现代化数据处理技术的联合使用方面开展进一步的研究工作。High-strength aluminum alloys have been widely used in aviation,aerospace and other industries because of their high specific strength and good machining property.Corrosion is an important factor affecting the safety and stability of high-strength aluminum alloys in service.Based on the preparation process of high-strength aluminum alloys,this paper focuses on the effect of structural evolution caused by heat treatment on the corrosion property of high-strength aluminum alloys.The corresponding relationship between the microstructure and corrosion behavior of high-strength aluminum alloys is analyzed.Research directions for improving the corrosion property of high-strength aluminum alloys are proposed.The segregation of elements and phases in highstrength aluminum alloys can easily lead to electrochemical inhomogeneity of microstructure,causing corrosion of substrate.Therefore,based on the optimization of composition,the melt casting process,deformation process and heat treatment process of high-strength aluminum alloys should be regulated to prepare the microstructure with uniform distribution of elements and second phases,and uniform electrochemical property,which is crucial for improving the corrosion property of high-strength aluminum alloys.In addition,the corrosion sensitivity of alloys is affected by the width of the precipitate free zone and the distance and distribution of the grain boundary precipitation phases of alloy.Thoroughly studying and clarifying the effect of various structures such as precipitate free zone on the corrosion behavior of alloys is the prerequisite for the preparation of high-strength aluminum alloys with high corrosion property.To balance the mechanical property and corrosion property of high-strength aluminum alloys,heat treatment methods such as aging and thermomechanical treatment should be optimized,and new composite heat treatment methods should be developed.Meanwhile,the test methods and evaluation methods for the corrosion property of high-strength aluminum alloys are disc

关 键 词：高强铝合金 腐蚀行为 热处理 实验方法 评价方法 

分 类 号：V252.3[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG146.2[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]