搅拌理论技术在选矿领域的应用及发展  

Application and Development of Mixing Theory Technology in Mineral Processing

作　　者：王青芬 孙伟成 沈政昌 陈强 张明 段莉莉 WANG Qingfen;SUN Weicheng;SHEN Zhengchang;CHEN Qiang;ZHANG Ming;DUAN Lili(State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing,Beijing 100160,China;BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China;School of the Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Tianjin Tianhe Computer Technology Co.,Ltd.,Tianjing 300457,China)

机构地区：[1]矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京100160 [2]矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160 [3]北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京100083 [4]天津市天河计算机技术有限公司,天津300457

出　　处：《有色金属（冶炼部分）》2024年第11期76-104,共29页Nonferrous Metals（Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：十三五国际合作项目(2022YFE0126700)。

摘　　要：在矿物加工过程中,搅拌设备是工艺过程中不可缺少的流程装备。目前国内外研究机构开发的搅拌叶轮逐渐朝着低搅拌功耗与定制化的方向发展,结合不同的搅拌需求,如强剪切分散、高循环流动或强化固液悬浮等。高水平的搅拌设备以满足搅拌工艺特性为目标。目前不同用途的搅拌槽设备,已经根据现代搅拌流体力学理论,如叶轮剪切力计算理论、搅拌湍流涡理论等,结合计算流体力学和试验数据,对调浆搅拌槽、搅拌储槽、粗粒悬浮搅拌等展开定制化设计研究。对于工业尺度的搅拌设备,评价调浆搅拌效果、离底悬浮效果等仍然存在一定的空白,仍然需要进一步深入开展理论分析与试验研究。通过CFD的数值模拟方法,矿用搅拌器的转子动力学和流固耦合方法,目前已经能够预测临界转速、轴系受力和变形,但是对于复杂矿浆工况的研究无法做到数值模拟的完全复现或理论计算精确考虑。搅拌设备的测试方法在实验室尺度已较为完善,能够获取全解析的速度场或相含率分布,但是如何将试验研究成果应用到工业尺度,如何直接在工业尺度搅拌槽进行测量和评估仍然是研究难题。选矿搅拌设备设计的未来将向一个定制化、智能化和绿色化方向发展。In mineral processing,mixing equipment is an indispensable equipment in the process.The impeller developed by domestic and foreign research institutions is gradually developing in the direction of low power consumption and customization,combined with different mixing needs,such as strong shear dispersion,high circulation flow or enhanced solid-liquid suspension.The aim of the high-level mixing equipment is to meet the characteristics of the mixing process.According to the modern mixing fluid mechanics principal,such as the calculation theory of impeller shear force,the turbulent vortex theory,etc.,combined with computational fluid dynamics and experimental data,the customized design research of the mixing equipment,the storage tank,conditioner,and the coarse-grained suspension stirred tank have been carried out.For industrial-scale mixing equipment,there are still some gaps in the evaluation of the mixing effect and the off-bottom suspension effect,and further theoretical analysis and experimental research are still needed.Through the numerical simulation method of CFD,the rotor dynamics and fluidstructure interaction method of mining agitator,critical speed,shafting force and deformation can be predicted at present,but the study of complex pulp working conditions cannot achieve the complete reproduction of numerical simulation or the accurate consideration of theoretical calculation.The technology of mixing equipment at the scale of the test laboratory is relatively mature,with the fully resolved velocity field or phase content distribution can be obtained.But it is difficult how to apply the experimental research results to the industrial scale,and how to measure and evaluate the mixing equipment at the industrial scale directly and effectively.The future design of beneficiation and mixing equipment will develop in a customized,intelligent and environmentally friendly direction.

关 键 词：搅拌技术 叶轮 选矿 数值模拟 应用进展 

分 类 号：TD92[矿业工程—选矿] TF111[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]