Recent advances in producing hollow carbon spheres for use in sodium−sulfur and potassium−sulfur batteries  

中空炭球的设计及其在室温钠硫和钾硫电池中的应用进展

作　　者：QI Zi-xin LUO Sai-nan RUAN Jia-feng YUAN Tao PANG Yue-peng YANG Jun-he ZHENG Shi-you 齐子欣;骆赛男;阮佳锋;袁涛;庞越鹏;杨俊和;郑时有(上海理工大学材料与化学学院,上海,200093;复旦大学材料科学系,上海,200433)

机构地区：[1]School of Materials and Chemistry,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China [2]Department of Materials Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China

出　　处：《新型炭材料（中英文）》2024年第5期824-843,共20页New Carbon Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52271222,52301245,52171218,22379096);上海市科委“双碳”项目(23DZ1202500);上海市科委项目(21010503100);上海市科委启明星计划—扬帆专项(23YF1428900);中国博士后科学基金(2023M742369);上海市“超级博士后”激励计划(2022475)资助.

摘　　要：Sodium-sulfur(Na-S)and potassium-sulfur(K-S)batteries for use at room temperature have received widespread attention because of the abundance and low cost of their raw materials and their high energy density.However,their development is restricted by the shuttling of polysulfides,large volume expansion and poor conductivity.To overcome these obstacles,an effective approach is to use carbon-based materials with abundant space for the sulfur that has sulfiphilic sites to immobilize it,and a high electrical conductivity.Hollow carbon spheres(HCSs)with a controllable structure and composition are promising for this purpose.We consider recent progress in optimizing the electrochemical performance of Na-/K-S batteries by using these materials.First,the advantages of HCSs,their synthesis methods,and strategies for preparing HCSs/sulfur composite materials are reviewed.Second,the use of HCSs in Na-/K-S batteries,along with mechanisms underlying the resulting performance improvement,are discussed.Finally,prospects for the further development of HCSs for metal−S batteries are presented.室温钠-硫(Na-S)和钾-硫(K-S)电池因其原料储量丰富、能量密度高、成本低等优点受到广泛关注。然而,严重的穿梭效应、较大的体积膨胀和较差的导电性阻碍了它们的发展。为了解决这些问题,构建具有丰富载硫空间、充足亲硫位点、高固硫能力、高导电性的碳基材料是一种有效的策略。其中,结构可调、成分可控的空心炭球作为硫载体在Na-S和K-S电池中表现出良好的应用前景。本文综述了近年来通过复合空心炭球策略提高Na-S和K-S电池性能的研究进展。首先,总结了空心炭球的优点、合成方法以及制备空心炭球/硫复合材料的策略。其次,讨论了空心炭球在Na-S和K-S电池中的应用,以及各自性能改善的机理。最后,展望了空心炭球在金属-硫电池中应用的挑战和前景。

关 键 词：Hollow carbon sphere Sodium-sulfur batteries Shuttle effect Potassium-sulfur batteries Electrochemical performance 

分 类 号：TQ127.11[化学工程—无机化工]