Porous silicon/carbon composites as anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries  

多孔硅碳复合材料实现高性能锂离子电池

作　　者：TIAN Zhen-yu WANG Ya-fei QIN Xin Shaislamov Ulugbek Hojamberdiev Mirabbos ZHENG Tong-hui DONG Shuo ZHANG Xing-hao KONG De-bin ZHI Lin-jie 田振宇;王雅飞;秦欣;Shaislamov Ulugbek;Hojamberdiev Mirabbos;郑同晖;董烁;张兴豪;孔德斌;智林杰(中国石油大学(华东)材料科学与工程学院,山东青岛266580;中国石油大学(华东)石大山能新能源学院,山东青岛266580;Center for Development of Nanotechnology at the National University of Uzbekistan,Tashkent 100174,Uzbekistan;Department of Physics,National University of Uzbekistan,Tashkent 100174,Uzbekistan;Institut für Chemie,Technische Universität Berlin,Berlin 10623,Germany;中国石油大学(华东)高端化工与能源材料研究中心,山东青岛266580)

机构地区：[1]School of Materials Science and Engineering,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China [2]College of New Energy,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China [3]Center for Development of Nanotechnology at the National University of Uzbekistan,Tashkent 100174,Uzbekistan [4]Department of Physics,National University of Uzbekistan,Tashkent 100174,Uzbekistan [5]Institut für Chemie,Technische Universität Berlin,Berlin 10623,Germany [6]Advanced Chemical Engineering and Energy Materials Research Center,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China

出　　处：《新型炭材料（中英文）》2024年第5期992-1002,共11页New Carbon Materials

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0127400);国家节能低碳材料生产与应用示范平台计划(TC220H06N);国家自然科学基金(U20A20131);山东省泰山学者项目(No.ts202208832).

摘　　要：Silicon anodes are promising for use in lithium-ion batteries.However,their practical application is severely limited by their large volume expansion leading to irreversible material fracture and electrical disconnects.This study proposes a new top-down strategy for preparing microsize porous silicon and introduces polyacrylonitrile(PAN)for a nitrogen-doped carbon coating,which is designed to maintain the internal pore volume and lower the expansion of the anode during lithiation and delithiation.We then explore the effect of temperature on the evolution of the structure of PAN and the electrochemical behavior of the composite electrode.After treatment at 400℃,the PAN coating retains a high nitrogen content of 11.35 at%,confirming the presence of C—N and C—O bonds that improve the ionic-electronic transport properties.This treatment not only results in a more intact carbon layer structure,but also introduces carbon defects,and produces a material that has remarkable stable cycling even at high rates.When cycled at 4 A g^(-1),the anode had a specific capacity of 857.6 mAh g^(-1) even after 200 cycles,demonstrating great potential for high-capacity energy storage applications.硅负极是锂离子电池理想的候选材料。然而,其显著的体积膨胀会导致严重的材料断裂,失去电接触,从而限制了其实际应用。本研究提出了一种新的自上而下的多孔硅制备策略,并引入聚丙烯腈(PAN)作为掺氮炭涂层,旨在保持硅负极的内部空间,缓解硅负极在锂化和脱锂过程中向外膨胀的问题。随后,探讨了温度对PAN热转变行为和复合电极电化学行为的影响。在400℃下处理后,PAN涂层保留了11.35%的高氮掺杂含量,这明确证实了C—N和C—O键的存在,从而改善了离子电子传输特性。这种处理方法不仅保留了更完整的炭层结构,还引入了炭缺陷,即使在大电流下也能稳定循环。当以4 A g^(-1)的电流循环时,优化后的负极在循环200次后仍具有857.6 mAh g^(-1)的比容量,表明其在高容量储能应用方面的巨大潜力。

关 键 词：Porous silicon Lithium-ion batteries POLYACRYLONITRILE Electrochemical behavior 

分 类 号：TB33[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]