辩证法真理性确立及“合理内核”:谢林与马克思  

The Establishment of the Truth and the“Rational Crux”of Dialectics:Schelling and Marx

作　　者：叔贵峰[1] 苏效帝 SHU Guifeng;SU Xiaodi(School of Philosophy,Liaoning University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110136)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学哲学院,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《长白学刊》2024年第6期46-53,F0002,共9页Changbai Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“新时代哲学社会科学的育人功能与人的全面发展问题研究”(19BZX025)。

摘　　要：辩证法是通过德国古典哲学观念论转向(从先验观念论到绝对观念论)被确立为呈现最高真理的哲学方法,这始于谢林早期的同一哲学。先验观念将绝对隔离于自我之外,封闭了自我通达绝对客观真理的思辨路径。谢林同一哲学用绝对者自我双重设定还原了世界如其所是的“一体化”思辨结构,让自我意识因绝对者内在塑造而呈现真理成为可能。马克思秉承了绝对观念论的辩证法的“合理内核”,并视其为具有揭示事物自身本质的“一般运动形式”,主要表现在:人类实践活动使自然和自我辩证一体化为内在统一的属人世界,本质对象化让生产产品成为人性本质实存呈现的自我确证,环节必然性和真理全体性相统一使唯物史观成为辩证的历史真理。因此,探究马克思辩证法“合理内核”的德国古典哲学来源,谢林同一哲学应是不可忽视的理论前提。Dialectics was established as the philosophical method of presenting the highest truth through the transformation of classical German philosophical idealism(from transcendental idealism to absolute ideal‐ism),which began with Schelling’s early philosophy of the identity.The transcendental conception isolates the absolute from the self and blocks the speculative path of the self to absolute objective truth.Schelling’s philoso‐phy of identity restores the world’s“integrated”speculative structure through the dual setting of the absolute self.This makes it possible for self-awareness to present truth through the internal shaping of the absolute.Marx adhered to the“rational crux”of the dialectics of absolute idealism and regarded it as a“general form of movement”that reveals the essence of things themselves.These are mainly manifested in the following aspects:Human practical activities integrate nature and self into an inherently unified human world dialectically,and the objectification of essence makes the production of products a self-confirmation of the essence of human nature,the unity of the inevitability of links and the totality of truth makes historical materialism a dialectical historical truth.Therefore,in order to explore the origin of“rational crux”of Marx’s dialectics in German classical phi‐losophy,Schelling’s philosophy of identity should be an undeniable theoretical premise.

关 键 词：谢林同一哲学 辩证法“合理内核” 唯物史观 扬弃关系 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]