基于可用与必需安全疏散时间的地铁站火灾人员疏散仿真  

Simulation of Subway Fire Evacuation Based on Available and Required Safe Evacuation Time

作　　者：焦柳丹 刘任可 张羽 霍小森 JIAO Liudan;LIU Renke;ZHANG Yu;HUO Xiaosen(School of Economics and Management,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学经济与管理学院,重庆400074

出　　处：《重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第10期106-115,共10页Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science)

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0390);国家自然科学基金项目(71901043);重庆市教委人文社科研究项目(23SKGH137)。

摘　　要：基于火灾人员疏散理论,建立了可用安全疏散时间(t_(ASET))模型和必需安全疏散时间(t_(RSET))模型,分别对地铁站内的4种空间结构(空旷结构、墙壁结构、楼梯结构、墙壁+楼梯结构)发生火灾后的关键位置(楼、扶梯出入口、站点出口)处的人员疏散时间进行了研究。采用Pyrosim对火灾发展情况进行模拟,采用Pathfinder对人员疏散情况进行仿真;对比分析了4种空间结构下地铁站关键位置的t_(ASET)和t_(RSET),对不同起火位置的安全性进行判定。研究结果表明:t_(ASET)主要由能见度到达临界状态的时间决定;t_(RSET)主要根据楼、扶梯出入口和站点出口的疏散情况决定。在所选取的4种空间结构中,仅有空旷结构发生火灾后,人员能安全疏散;墙壁结构发生火灾后,不利于楼扶梯出口处人员安全疏散;楼梯结构、墙壁+楼梯结构发生火灾后,均处于危险状态,导致人员无法安全疏散。Based on the fire evacuation theory,the available safe evacuation time(t_(ASET))model and the required safe evacuation time(t_(RSET))model were established to investigate the evacuation time at key locations such as staircase,escalator entrances and station exits after a fire occurred in four types of spatial structures in subway stations(open structure,wall structure,staircase structure,and wall+staircase structure),respectively.Pyrosim was used to simulate the fire development and Pathfinder was used to simulate the evacuation condition.A comparative analysis of t_(ASET) and t_(RSET) at critical locations under four kinds of spatial structures was conducted to assess the safety of different ignition locations.The results of the study show that t_(ASET) is mainly determined by the time for visibility to reach criticality;t_(RSET) is mainly based on the evacuation condition of building escalators and exits.Among the four selected locations,only the open structure can safely evacuate personnel in the event of a fire;the wall structure is not conducive to the safe evacuation of personnel at the building escalator exits after a fire;and after a fire occurs in the staircase structure and the wall+staircase structure,they are both in a hazardous condition,resulting in the inability to evacuate personnel safely.

关 键 词：交通工程 地铁站火灾模拟 能见度 可用安全疏散时间(t_(ASET)) 必需安全疏散时间(t_(RSET)) 

分 类 号：U491.2[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]