北半球夏季热带和副热带昼间云粒子有效半径廓线特征的分析  

Analysis of the Profile Characteristics of Effective Radius of Diurnal Cloud Particle over the Tropics and Subtropics in Boreal Summer

作　　者：吴振豪 傅云飞[1] WU Zhenhao;FU Yunfei(School of Earth and Space Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院,合肥230026

出　　处：《大气科学》2024年第5期2031-2044,共14页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目91837310、42275140;第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目2019QZKK0104。

摘　　要：云粒子有效半径是云微物理中的重要参数,准确获取云粒子有效半径的分布特征对分析云形成、降水及灾害性天气预报、地气辐射收支等都具有重要意义。利用1998~2012年6~8月(夏季)热带测雨卫星(Tropical Rain Measuring Mission,简称TRMM)搭载的可见光/红外扫描仪(Visible and Infrared Scanner,简称VIRS)的探测资料,分析了夏季热带和副热带地区云粒子有效半径的空间分布和廓线特征。结果表明云粒子有效半径在空间上分布不均匀,粒子尺度分布在5~30μm之间,局部尺度可达30μm以上,并且洋面的云粒子有效半径相比陆面的云粒子有效半径更大;标准差多分布在2~10μm之间,但局部可达10μm以上。不同区域的云粒子有效半径垂直廓线分布表明,随着亮温的降低,云粒子有效半径先增后减;对于小的云粒子有效半径,洋面比陆面的云粒子有效半径廓线大,且北半球副热带比南半球副热带的云粒子有效半径廓线大;对于大的云粒子有效半径,各区域间的云粒子有效半径廓线差异较小;云粒子有效半径标准差廓线分析表明,小粒子、适中粒子和大粒子的标准差大值分别位于冰云、混合云和水云区。本研究结果为模式模拟热带和副热带区域云中粒子有效半径分布特征提供了观测依据。The effective radius of cloud particles is a crucial indicator in cloud microphysics.Thus,accurately determining the distribution characteristics of effective particle radius is imperative for cloud formation analysis,precipitation and severe weather forecasting,and earth-air radiation budget.From the measurements of the visible and infrared scanner(VIRS)carried by the tropical rainfall measuring mission(TRMM),the spatial distribution and profile characteristics of the effective particle radius are examined for the summer of June–August 1998–2012.The results reveal that the effective particle radius is not uniformly distributed in space.The particle scales are 5–30μm,while the local scales can reach more than 30μm.Moreover,the particles over the ocean have larger effective radii than those over the land.The standard deviation is mostly 2–10μm but can reach more than 10μm in some regions.The profile distribution of the effective particle radius in different regions shows that the effective particle radius increases first and then decreases with decreasing brightness temperature.For the small effective particle radius,the profile over the ocean is larger than that over the land,and the profile in the northern subtropical zone is larger than that in the southern subtropical zone.For the large effective particle radius,the difference in profile among different regions is small.The standard deviation profile of the effective particle radius presents that the maximum standard deviations of small,moderate,and large particles are located at the ice cloud,mixing cloud,and water cloud regions,respectively.This study provides an observation basis for the model to simulate the distribution characteristics of the effective radius of cloud particles in tropical and subtropical regions.

关 键 词：云粒子有效半径 垂直廓线 热带测雨卫星(TRMM) 可见光/红外扫描仪(VIRS) 云参数 

分 类 号：P412.27[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]