再论辩证逻辑的核心命题及马克思对黑格尔哲学的改造  

Re-discussion on the Core Proposition of Dialectical Logic and Marx's Transformation of Hegel's Philosophy

作　　者：宋朝龙 SONG Chao-long

机构地区：[1]北京大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2024年第10期4-16,共13页Social Sciences of Beijing

摘　　要：世界作为过程,既不是原子论所说的、原子作为客体机械碰撞而始终不能生成主体的过程,也不是理念论所说的、绝对主体直接启示在特殊事物中的过程,而是具体主体不断从客体的矛盾运动中被生成的过程。原子论讲生成,但生成的不是主体;理念论讲主体,但主体不是被生成的;原子论和理念论都没有能力把握“主体是被生成的”这一命题。只有唯物主义辩证逻辑,从质料的矛盾运动中揭示自为形式的生成,从而才揭示了主体被生成的过程。“主体是被生成的”,这是辩证逻辑的核心命题,也正是黑格尔思辨逻辑中的合理内核,但是黑格尔又把世界的本体设定在绝对理念即绝对形式上,实际上取消了质料的独立性,也就取消了从质料的矛盾运动中产生自为形式的过程。马克思在《博士论文》中把原子的直线运动解释为质料原则,把原子的偏斜运动解释为自为形式的原则,并确立了以质料和形式的对立统一为基本内容的唯物主义辩证逻辑,使辩证逻辑彻底摆脱了对黑格尔唯心主义神学独断论逻辑的影响。The world as a process is neither the process described by atomism,where atoms as objects mechanically collide and never generate a subject,nor the process described by idealism,where the absolute subject directly manifests in particular things.Instead,it is a process where concrete subjects are continuously generated from the contradictory movement of objects.Atomism discusses generation,but what is generated is not a subject;idealism discusses the subject,but the subject is not generated.Neither atomism nor idealism can grasp the proposition“the subject is generated.”Only materialist dialectical logic can reveal the generation of self-determined forms from the contradictory movement of matter,thereby revealing the process of subject generation.“The subject is generated”is the core proposition of dialectical logic and the rational core of Hegel s philosophy.However,Hegel set the noumenon of the world on the absolute idea,that is,the absolute form,and actually canceled the independence of the material and also the process of generating self-form from the contradictory movement of the material.In Marx s“Doctoral Thesis”,he interpreted the atom straight line motion as the principle of material,and interpreted the oblique motion of atoms as the principle of self-form,and established the dialectical logic of materialism with the unity of opposites of material and form as the basic content,and made the dialectical logic completely get rid of the shadow of Hegel s idealistic theological dogmatism logic.Since then,Marx applied materialist dialectical logic to solve the problem of material interests,and founded historical materialism,scientific political economy and scientific socialism,which laid a scientific logic foundation for us to understand the development of nature and human society.

关 键 词：辩证逻辑 黑格尔哲学 马克思 唯物主义 唯心主义 

分 类 号：B024[哲学宗教—哲学理论] B811