2018-2022年山西省小麦叶锈菌群体致病类型鉴定及毒性分析  

Pathotype identification and virulence analysis of wheat leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina in Shanxi Province between 2018 and 2022

作　　者：关亚诗 赵雅琼 武英鹏 原宗英 刘敏捷 Guan Yashi;Zhao Yaqiong;Wu Yingpeng;Yuan Zongying;Liu Minjie(College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学植物保护学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期20-28,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302124518);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L091);山西省现代农业产业技术体系(2024CYJSTX02-19)。

摘　　要：[目的]小麦叶锈病由小麦叶锈菌(Puccinia triticina)引起,已成为制约山西省小麦生产最重要的病害之一。本研究旨在明确山西省小麦叶锈菌的毒性特点,为山西省小麦抗叶锈育种提供理论依据。[方法]对2018-2022年采自山西省运城市、晋中市、临汾市、长治市和晋城市田间自然发病的小麦叶锈病标样进行单孢子堆分离获得132个纯化菌株,利用42个已知抗叶锈病基因的近等基因系和材料对其进行生理小种鉴定和群体毒性分析。[结果]从132份小麦叶锈菌单孢子堆分离物中鉴定得到82个致病类型,其中优势致病类型为THT(4.55%)、PHT(4.55%)、PKJ(4.55%)、PHS(3.03%)、TKT(3.03%)、THS(3.03%)和THK(3.03%)。毒性基因V25、V38和V13+3ka这4年的毒性基因频率均小于30%,其对应的抗病基因为目前有效的抗病基因。毒性基因V26、V10、V12、V20和V39这4年中毒性基因频率均大于80%,表明其对应的抗病基因对小麦叶锈菌已经基本失去抗性。运城市和晋中市的小麦叶锈菌群体毒性多态性较高,其次为临汾市和晋城市,长治市最低。[结论]本研究明确了山西省小麦叶锈菌近几年的优势致病类型、毒性基因频率和毒性多态性,为进一步指导山西省小麦抗叶锈育种和病害治理提供了一定的科学依据。[Objective]Wheat leaf rust,caused by Puccinia triticina,has become one of the most important diseases limiting wheat production in Shanxi Province.The purpose of this study aimed to clarify the virulence characteristics of the wheat leaf rust population in Shanxi Province,providing a theoretical basis for breeding wheat resistant to leaf rust in the region.[Methods]Between 2018 and 2022,132 purified isolates were obtained by single-spore isolation from wheat leaf rust samples collected from naturally infected fields in Yuncheng,Jinzhong,Linfen,Changzhi,and Jincheng cities in Shanxi Province.These isolates were subjected to physiological race identification and population virulence analysis using 42 near-isogenic lines and materials with known leaf rust resistance genes.[Results]A total of 82 pathotypes were identified among the 132 isolates of P.triticina.The dominant pathotypes were THT(4.55%),PHT(4.55%),PKJ(4.55%),PHS(3.03%),TKT(3.03%),THS(3.03%),and THK(3.03%).The frequency of virulence genes of V25,V38,and V13+3ka was less than 30% over four years,indicating that their corresponding resistance genes were currently effective.In contrast,the virulence gene frequency of V26,V10,V12,V20,and V39 exceeded 80% over the four years,indicating that the corresponding resistance genes had largely lost their effectiveness against wheat leaf rust.The wheat leaf rust population in Yuncheng and Jinzhong cities showed higher virulence polymorphism,followed by Linfen and Jincheng,with the lowest in Changzhi City.[Conclusion]This study identified the dominant pathotypes,virulence gene frequencies,and virulence polymorphism of the wheat leaf rust population in Shanxi Province in recent years,providing a scientific basis for further guidance on breeding wheat resistant to leaf rust and managing the disease in Shanxi Province.

关 键 词：小麦叶锈病 毒性频率 致病类型 生理小种 毒性多态性 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]