柬埔寨龙血树褐斑病的病原鉴定及其培养条件分析  

Identification of the pathogen causing brown leaf spot in Dracaena cambodiana and analysis of its cultivation conditions

作　　者：郭建伟 杨春莲[1] 余泽云 余亚军 林登智 张永光 元超 余磊[1] Guo Jianwei;Yang Chunlian;Yu Zeyun;Yu Yajun;Lin Dengzhi;Zhang Yongguang;Yuan Chao;Yu Lei(College of Agronomy and Life Sciences/Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center,Kunming University,Kunming 650214,China;School of Life Science and Food Engineering,Yibin University,Yibin 644000,China;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography/State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830001,China;Hengjiang Middle School in Xuzhou District,Yibin 644613,China;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571737,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明学院农学与生命科学学院/云南省都市特色农业工程技术研究中心,云南昆明650214 [2]宜宾学院农林与食品工程学部,四川宜宾644000 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [4]宜宾市叙州区横江中学校,四川宜宾644613 [5]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期29-39,共11页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31860026);云南省生物种业和和农产品精深加工专项(202202AE090035);昆明学院高层次人才引进项目(XJ20230077);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(202207AB110016);中央本级重大增减支项目联合项目(2060302)。

摘　　要：[目的]柬埔寨龙血树为我国各省市广泛栽培的室内观叶植物,近年来普遍发生叶部病害影响其观赏价值。2011年8月至2016年12月,在云南省蒙自市、新疆乌鲁木齐的柬埔寨龙血树发现一种叶部初期褪绿逐渐变为灰褐色凹陷最后暗褐色枯死的褐斑病。为了确定其病原菌种类和发病条件,进行病原菌鉴定及培养条件测试。[方法]采用在云南蒙自、新疆乌鲁木齐采集的12份柬埔寨龙血树褐斑病病叶,开展了组织分离、致病性测试、形态学观察、分子鉴定与培养条件测试。[结果]从12份病叶分离到15株真菌,菌落中央产生黑色孢子,边缘白色,顶囊球形或近球形,直径38~45μm,分生孢子球形暗褐色,直径2~5μm,代表性菌株LZB-6、LZB-12经CaM或β-tubulin系统发育分析确定为塔宾曲霉;刺伤法接种14 d的龙血树叶片均发病,症状与田间一致,并能分离到菌落形态、分生孢子形态与原分离菌株一致的真菌,完成科赫法则验证确定为病原菌。培养条件测试表明,病原菌菌丝生长的适宜温度为22~34℃,最适宜温度为28℃,光照抑制菌丝生长,菌丝生长偏爱碱性环境,pH为7~10时,随着pH值升高生长速率仍在增加,最适宜碳源和氮源分别为甘露醇、明胶,菌丝致死温度为55℃10 min;产孢适宜温度为28~40℃,最适宜温度为32℃,光照抑制产孢,适宜产孢pH值为6~8,最适宜pH值为8,最适宜碳源和氮源分别为蔗糖、明胶,孢子的致死温度为60℃10 min。[结论]导致云南蒙自、新疆乌鲁木齐的柬埔寨龙血树褐斑病菌均为塔宾曲霉,除了光照和氮源之外,温度、pH值、碳源对菌丝生长和产孢的影响均不同,22~34℃时病原菌能较好的生长与产孢,应加强对柬埔寨龙血树褐斑病的防控。[Objective]Dracaena cambodiana is a widely cultivated indoor ornamental plant in various provinces of China.In recent years,a common leaf disease has affected its ornamental value.Between August 2011 and December 2016,a brown spot disease was discovered in the leaves of D.cambodiana in Mengzi City,Yunnan Province and Urumqi,Xinjiang.The disease started with the leaves turning chlorotic,gradually becoming grayish-brown,then developing sunken areas,and eventually turning dark brown and dying.In order to determine the type of pathogen and the conditions under which the disease developed,we conducted pathogen identification and cultivation condition tests.[Methods]A total of 12 samples of Cambodian dragon tree leaves with brown spot disease were collected from Mengzi,Yunnan,and Urumqi,Xinjiang.These samples were used for tissue isolation,pathogenicity testing,morphological observation,molecular identification,and cultivation condition testing.[Results]Fifteen fungal strains were isolated from the 12 diseased leaf samples.The colonies had black spores at the center,with white edges.The spore bodies were spherical or nearly spherical,with a diameter of 38~45 μm.The conidia were dark brown,spherical,and 2~5 μm in diameter.Phylogenetic analysis of representative strains using CaM or β-tubulin confirmed that the pathogen Aspergillus tubingensis;Inoculation of the leaves of the dragon tree with the pathogen caused disease within 14 days,and the symptoms matched those observed in the field.Fungi with colony and conidia morphology consistent with the original isolates were re-isolated,confirming the pathogen through Koch's postulates.Cultivation condition tests showed that the optimal temperature for mycelial growth was 22~34 ℃,with the most suitable temperature being 28 ℃.Light inhibited mycelial growth,and the fungus preferred an alkaline environment.The growth rate increased with a pH range of 7~10,with the best growth at pH 8.The most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources were mannitol and gelatin,respectively.The

关 键 词：柬埔寨龙血树 褐斑病 塔宾曲霉 系统发育分析 产孢 

分 类 号：S436.412.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]