仙客来枯萎病病原鉴定及其生物学特征研究  

Identification of the pathogen and biological characteristics of of Cyclamen persicum wilt disease

作　　者：宋卓琴 梁峥 贾民隆 段九菊 王玉川 曹冬梅 Song Zhuoqin;Liang Zheng;Jia Minlong;Duan Jiuju;Wang Yuchuan;Cao Dongmei(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China;Changzhi Lecai Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Changzhi 046600,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太原030031 [2]长治市乐彩生物技术有限公司,山西长治046600

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期49-57,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省农业科学院优秀青年基金项目(YCX2020YQ11);2024年度“特”“优”农业高质量发展科技支撑工程项目(TYGC24-58)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在明确仙客来枯萎病病原、病原菌的生长特性及病害的发生规律。[方法]采用组织分离法从叶柄部获得病原菌,并对其从形态学、分子生物学进行鉴定,通过设定不同的温度梯度研究病原菌的生长特性,结合生产实际设置T1(昼温控制在20~25℃)、T2(昼温控制在25~30℃)、T3(昼温控制在30~35℃)3个处理进行盆栽试验,研究温室中仙客来枯萎病发生规律。[结果]仙客来发病初期呈萎蔫状,逐渐叶片黄化变褐,叶柄前期水渍状软化、逐渐出现缢缩、变褐,球茎腐烂变软,整个植株的维管束受损,颜色发暗,直至坏死;分离纯化病原菌,由病原菌分生孢子的形态特征、rDNA-ITS和TEF1-α基因序列分析,鉴定仙客来枯萎病病原菌为尖孢镰孢仙客来专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cyclaminis);由生物学特征显示病原菌菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发的最适温度为25~30℃,菌丝的平均生长速率为7.46 mm·d^(-1),分生孢子的平均萌发率可达到90.22%;盆栽试验,仙客来从开始发病到整株死亡一般是5~8 d,病情发展迅速,昼温控制在25~30℃,发病最快,接种病原菌后9 d开始发病,第18 d全部发病;其次为T3处理,T1处理发病最慢。[结论]仙客来枯萎病发病早期呈萎蔫状,其发生与温度密切相关,将温度控制至低于25℃可有效降低仙客来枯萎病的发生率。[Objective]This research aimed to identify the pathogen of cyclamen wilt disease,the growth characteristics of the pathogen,and the occurrence pattern of the Cyclamen persicum wilt disease.[Method]The pathogen was isolated from the petiole using tissue isolation method and identified through morphological and molecular biological analysis.The growth characteristics of the pathogen were studied under different temperature gradients.Pot experiments were conducted with three temperature treatments:T1(day temperature controlled at 20~25 ℃),T2(day temperature controlled at 25~30 ℃),and T3(day temperature controlled at 30~35 ℃) to investigate the occurrence pattern of cyclamen wilt disease in a greenhouse.[Result]Early symptoms of cyclamen wilt disease included wilting,followed by leaf yellowing and browning,petiole softening with water-soaked appearance,and eventually constriction and browning.The tubers were rotted and soften with the entire plant's vascular bundles damaged and darkened until necrosis occurred.The pathogen was isolated and purified and identified as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cyclaminis based on conidial morphological characteristics,rDNA-ITS,and TEF1-α gene sequence analysis.The optimal temperature for mycelial growth and conidia germination was found to be 25~30 ℃,with an average growth rate of 7.46 mm·d^(-1) and the average conidial germination rate of up to 90.22%.In potted experiment,cyclamen generally progressed from initial infection to complete plant death in 5~8 days,with the fastest disease development at 25~30 ℃.The disease began 9 days after inoculation and was fully developed by the 18th day.T3 treatment was the second fastest,while T1 treatment resulted in the slowest disease progression.[Conclusion]Early symptoms of C.persicum wilt disease were characterized by wilting,and the disease occurrence was closely related to temperature.Controlling the temperature to below 25 ℃ can effectively reduce the incidence of cyclamen wilt disease.

关 键 词：仙客来 枯萎病 尖孢镰孢 温度 

分 类 号：S682.262[农业科学—观赏园艺]