黄芩根腐病生防菌的筛选鉴定及生防作用测定  

Selection,identification,and biocontrol efficacy assessment of biocontrol bacteria against Scutellaria baicalensis root rot disease

作　　者：王莉 王雅竹 张如 王娟娟 韩立荣 Wang Li;Wang Yazhu;Zhang Ru;Wang Juanjuan;Han Lirong(Yizhi College of Agriculture and Forestry,Xianyang Vocational Technical College,Xi’an 712000,China;Natural Forest Protection Project Management Center of Shaanxi Province/Shaanxi Provincial Forestry Fund Management Center,Xi’an 710082,China;Shaanxi Institute of Forest Inventory and Planning,Xi’an 710082,China;College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]咸阳职业技术学院仪祉农林学院,陕西西安712000 [2]陕西省天然林保护工程管理中心(陕西省林业基金管理中心),陕西西安710082 [3]陕西省林业调查规划院,陕西西安710082 [4]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期68-77,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：陕西省林业科技推广重大项目(H2022-10);咸阳职业技术学院博士启动基金项目(2022BK03)。

摘　　要：[目的]茄病镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)是引起黄芩根腐病的主要病原菌之一,该病害已成为制约陕西地区黄芩生产的瓶颈问题,限制了黄芩种植产业的进一步发展。本研究旨在从土壤中分离筛选具有优良拮抗活性的生防菌以期为黄芩根腐病的防治提供新思路、新方法。[方法]利用平板对峙法筛选具拮抗活性生防菌株,进一步结合生长速率法、盆栽药效试验和田间药效试验测定该菌株对黄芩根腐病的生防效果,此外还通过形态学和分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定。[结果]从陕西省商洛市健康黄芩根际土壤中分离筛选获得2株茄病镰孢菌高效拮抗菌HQ-53和HQ-75,初步将2株菌鉴定为灰橙链霉菌(Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus)和巴西链霉菌(Streptomyces brasiliensis),活性测定结果表明,其无菌发酵液对茄病镰孢菌菌丝生长抑制率分别为65.3%和77.5%,对孢子萌发抑制率分别为43.5%和55.4%。扫描电镜观察发现HQ-53和HQ-75菌株发酵液处理后茄病镰孢菌菌丝均出现不同程度的肿胀和生长畸形。进一步的盆栽和田间药效试验表明,株菌HQ-53和HQ-75均能显著降低根腐病的发生,3次药后田间防效分别达到了67.3%和56.2%。[结论]本研究分离获得的2株链霉菌HQ-53和HQ-75对黄芩根腐病有优良拮抗活性,具有开发成生防菌剂的应用潜力,也为其他茄病镰孢菌引起的根腐病的防控提供了新型微生物资源。[Objective]Fusarium solani,the pathogen causing root rot in Scutellaria baicalensis,is one of the main pathogens responsible for this disease,which has become a bottleneck issue in S.baicalensis production in Shaanxi province,and limits the further development of the S.baicalensis planting industry.This study aimed to isolate and screen biocontrol bacteria with excellent antagonistic activity from soil,providing new approaches and methods for the control of S.baicalensis root rot.[Methods]Antagonistic bacteria were screened using the dual-culture plate method,and their biocontrol efficacy against S.baicalensis root rot was assessed through growth rate method,pot experiments,and field efficacy trials.Additionally,the bacteria were identified through morphological and molecular biological methods.[Results]Two highly effective antagonistic strains,HQ-53and HQ-75,were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy S.baicalensis in Shangluo City,Shaanxi Province.These strains were preliminarily identified as Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus and Streptomyces brasiliensis.The active compound extracts of these strains showed inhibition rates of 65.3% and 77.5% on mycelial growth and 43.5% and 55.4% on spore germination,respectively.Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the mycelium of F.solani treated with the fermentation extracts of HQ-53 and HQ-75 exhibited swelling and growth abnormalities.Further pot and field efficacy trials showed that both strains significantly reduced the incidence of root rot,with field efficacies reaching 67.3% and 56.2% after three treatments,respectively.[Conclusion]The two isolated Streptomyces strains,HQ-53 and HQ-75,exhibited excellent antagonistic activity against S.baicalensis root rot and have the potential to be developed into biocontrol agents.They also provided new microbial resources for the prevention and control of root rot diseases caused by other F.solani strains.

关 键 词：黄芩 根腐病 拮抗菌 生物防治 

分 类 号：S763.1[农业科学—森林保护学]