福建沿海平原和山地地区的雨滴谱差异研究  

On the difference of raindrop spectra between coastal plain and mountain areas in Fujian province,Southeast China

作　　者：李锦梁 郑佳锋[3] 薛力夫 曾正茂 裴昌春 陈杨瑞雪 杨舒琳 LI Jinliang;ZHENG Jiafeng;XUE Lifu;ZENG Zhengmao;PEI Changchun;CHEN Yangruixue;YANG Shulin(Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather/Key Laboratory of Straits Severe Weather,Fuzhou 350007,China;Anxi Meteorological Bureau of Fujian Province,Quanzhou 362400,China;School of Atmospheric Sciences,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,China;Fujian Meteorological Information Center,Fuzhou 350007,China;Quanzhou Meteorological Bureau of Fujian Province,Quanzhou 362000,China;Jinjiang Meteorological Bureau of Fujian Province,Quanzhou 362200,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省灾害天气重点实验室/中国气象局海峡灾害天气重点开放实验室,福州350007 [2]福建省安溪县气象局,泉州362400 [3]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,成都610225 [4]福建省气象信息中心,福州350007 [5]福建省泉州市气象局,泉州362000 [6]福建省晋江市气象局,泉州362200

出　　处：《气象学报》2024年第5期694-708,共15页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42205008);福建省自然科学基金(2023J011331、2023J011337);成都信息工程大学科技创新能力提升计划项目(KYQN202307)。

摘　　要：为研究福建沿海平原和山地两个地区降水的微物理特征和差异,利用2018—2022年福建泉州晋江站(平原站)和九仙山站(山地站)的雨滴谱资料,从整体统计、不同降水强度和不同降水类型等角度研究了雨滴谱特征和差异,并对两个地区的雷达观测量与雨强的经验关系进行了研究和初步检验。结果表明:福建沿海山地站的小雨滴(直径(D)<1 mm)和大雨滴(D≥3 mm)数浓度明显高于平原站,但平原站的中雨滴(1 mm≤D<3 mm)数浓度则略高于山地站。两个站的小雨滴数浓度随着雨强增大均呈现“先升高,后降低,再升高”的趋势,而中、大雨滴的数浓度则随雨强的增大也持续升高。山地站降水整体具有更小的质量加权平均直径(D_(m))和更大的广义截断参数(lgN_(w))。因更高浓度中、大雨滴的贡献,平原站的雨滴谱在相同形状参数(μ)下,斜率参数(Λ)较山地站小,即雨滴数浓度随直径增大而下降的速率更慢。对两个站雨滴谱拟合得到的雷达定量降水估测公式进行初步检验,结果表明,实测雨滴谱拟合的反射率因子与降水强度(Z-R)关系和差分传播相移率与降水强度(K_(DP)-R)关系效果均好于现阶段业务常用的Z-R关系。To investigate the microphysical characteristics and differences of precipitation in the Fujian coastal plain and mountainous areas,raindrop size distributions at two different sites(plain site:Jinjiang,mountain site:Jiuxianshan) are analyzed and compared from the perspectives of the entire statistics,various rain intensities,and different rain types using laser disdrometer measurements from 2018 to 2022.Additionally,applicative empirical relations between radar quantities(including simplepolarization and dual-polarization variables) and rain rate are presented.Results indicate that the number concentrations of small raindrops(diameter(D)<1 mm) and large raindrops(D≥3 mm) at the mountain site are significantly higher than that at the plain site,while the number concentration of medium raindrops(1≤D<3 mm) at the plain site is slightly higher than that at the mountain site.As the rain rate increases,the number concentration of small raindrops exhibits a variation trend of “increase first,then decrease,and increase again”,while the number concentration of medium-to-large raindrops continuously increases.Overall,the mountain site has a smaller mass-weighted mean diameter(D_(m)) and a larger normalized intercept parameter(lgN_(w)) than the plain site.For the spectral shape( μ) and slope( Λ) parameters,the plain site has a larger Λ than the mountain site when under the same μ,implying a rapid decrease of raindrop number concentration as the diameter increases.Actual radar data are used to verify the effect of the improved empirical relations of reflectivity factor(Z)-rain rate(R) and differential phase shift rate(K_(DP))-rain rate(R).Validation shows that the performances of the proposed empirical relations are better than that of the traditional relations.

关 键 词：雨滴谱 山地和平原 经验关系 雷达定量降水估测 

分 类 号：P401[天文地球—大气物理学与大气环境]