补充灌溉对黄土高原谷子生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of supplementary irrigation on growth,yield,and water use efficiency of millet in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：赵方洋 曹红霞[1] 马丽娜 党小文 万宇 彭美龄 李志军[1] ZHAO Fangyang;CAO Hongxia;MA Lina;DANG Xiaowen;WAN Yu;PENG Meiling;LI Zhijun(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Yulin Agricultural Technology Service Center,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]榆林市农业技术服务中心,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第5期44-53,84,共11页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：陕西省重点产业创新链-农业领域项目(2023-ZDLNY-46)。

摘　　要：为研究关键生育时期补充灌溉对谷子生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响,确定有利于旱区水资源可持续高效利用的补灌策略,本研究以‘晋谷21号’为试验材料,在灌底墒水的基础上,设置6个生育期补灌处理:拔节水(J),抽穗水(H),苗期水+拔节水(SJ),拔节水+抽穗水(JH),拔节水+灌浆水(JF),拔节水+抽穗水+灌浆水(JHF),以不覆膜雨养(CK_(1))、覆膜只灌底墒水(CK_(2))为对照,共8个处理,探讨不同处理对谷子株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、干物质积累与分配、产量及水分利用效率的影响。研究结果表明:补灌处理对不同时期谷子生长发育有不同程度的改善作用,苗期、拔节期和抽穗期补充灌溉下谷子的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数和叶绿素含量分别较CK_(2)提高了6.04%~43.21%、3.61%~17.89%、3.16%~109.40%和6.93%~22.77%,进而促进谷子的干物质积累;灌浆期补充灌溉可延缓叶片的衰老和失绿速度,使得叶面积指数在生育后期仍保持较高水平(较CK_(2)提高了42.52%~70.56%)。籽粒产量在CK_(2)处理下较CK_(1)显著提高了113.97%,补灌处理较CK_(2)显著提高了11.62%~39.97%,并随着生育期补灌次数的增加而增加;灌溉底墒水并覆膜通过显著提高出苗率进而显著提高公顷穗数并增产,补灌拔节水、抽穗水可通过提高谷子穗数和穗粒数提高产量,补灌灌浆水有利于谷子充分灌浆,提高谷子的千粒重;各处理中以JHF处理的谷子籽粒产量最高,JH处理的产量次之,与JHF处理产量差异不显著,但其灌溉用水量减少19.97%,灌溉水生产力和灌溉效益分别显著提高21.95%和20.34%。综上所述,在黄土高原地区,丰水年型下补灌拔节水+抽穗水的方式是获得较高谷子产量和水分利用效率的有效措施,同时建议拔节期和抽穗期的灌水上、下限分别为田间持水量的50%~80%和60%~90%。To study the effects of supplementary irrigation on millet growth,yield,and water use efficiency during key periods,and to establish an optimal irrigation strategy for sustainable and efficient water resource use in arid regions,‘Jin Gu 21' was selected as the experimental material.Six supplementary irrigation treatments of irrigation at the jointing stage(J),heading stage(H),seedling and jointing stages(SJ),jointing and heading stages(JH),jointing and filling stages(JF),and jointing,heading,and filling stages(JHF) were applied in addition to basal irrigation.Rain-fed without mulching(CK_1) and basal irrigation with mulching(CK_2,) were used as control treatments.The effects of irrigation timing on plant height,stem thickness,leaf area index,chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield,and water use efficiency were investigated.The results showed that irrigation treatments had varying degrees of improvement on the growth and development of millet at different growth stages.Plant height,stem thickness,leaf area index and chlorophyll content of millet under supplemental irrigation at seedling,jointing and heading stages were increased by 6.04%~43.21%,3.61%~17.89%,3.16%~109.40% and 6.93%~22.77% respectively compared with that in CK_2,thereby promoting dry matter accumulation in millet.Appropriate filling irrigation delayed leaf senescence and maintained a high leaf area index in the late growth stage(42.52% ~ 70.56% higher than that of CK_2).Yield was significantly increased by 113.97% under CK_(2) treatment compared with CK_1,and the supplemental irrigation treatments significantly increased by 11.62% ~ 39.97% compared with CK_(2) and increased with the number of supplemental irrigations during the reproductive period.Irrigating with subsoil moisture water and mulching significantly increased seedling emergence,which in turn significantly increased the number of spikes per hectare and increased the yield.Irrigation at the grain filling stage contributed to adequate grain filling and increase

关 键 词：谷子 补充灌溉 产量 水分利用效率 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学] S275