普通尿素与控释尿素配施对谷子产量及氮素利用的影响  

Effects of combined application of common urea and controlled-release urea on foxtail millet yield and nitrogen utilization

作　　者：申朝阳 高林广 周浩露 罗新宇 黄英惠 高小丽[1] SHEN Zhaoyang;GAO Linguang;ZHOU Haolu;LUO Xinyu;Huang Yinghui;GAO Xiaoli(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Zigong Rural Revitulization and Development Service Center,Zigong,Sichuan 643000,China;Jiaxian Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Jiaxian,Shaanxi 719200,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]四川省自贡市乡村振兴发展服务中心,四川自贡643000 [3]佳县农业技术推广中心,陕西佳县719200

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第5期63-70,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000800,2020YFD1000803);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-06-A26);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-ZDLNY-06)。

摘　　要：为揭示控释尿素调控旱地谷子生长发育及氮素吸收利用的生理生态机制,以谷子品种‘陕豫谷3号’为试验材料,于2022—2023年在陕北半干旱雨养农业区进行田间试验,设置不施尿素(CK)、100%普通尿素(F1)、100%控释尿素(F2)、50%普通尿素+50%控释尿素(F3)、70%普通尿素+30%控释尿素(F4)、30%普通尿素+70%控释尿素(F5)共6个处理,施肥处理氮素总量均为135 kg·hm^(-2),研究普通尿素与控释尿素配施对谷子生长发育、干物质积累、产量及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:控释尿素配施比例30%~50%处理的谷子各指标性状表现优于其他处理。与常规施肥F1处理相比,控释尿素配施比例为30%~50%时,谷子灌浆期叶片SPAD值提高0.65%~3.20%,净光合速率P_n提高1.07%~4.33%,成熟期总干物质积累量提高14.53%~77.27%,产量提高29.28%~31.81%;氮肥利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用率分别提高9.67%~55.47%、9.72%~66.74%和43.04%~295.55%。综上所述,在陕北旱作谷子生产中,氮肥施用总量为135 kg·hm^(-2)时,普通尿素配施30%~50%控释尿素有利于谷子的生长发育和产量提高。To uncover the physiological and ecological mechanisms by which controlled-release urea in regulating grain growth,and nitrogen uptake and utilization in dryland conditions,a field experiment was conducted with a foxtail millet variety of ‘Shanyugu 3' in the semi-arid,rain-fed agricultural region of northern Shaanxi Province from 2022 to 2023.The study included 6 treatments:no urea(CK),100% common urea(F1),100% controlled-release urea(F2),50% common urea +50% controlled-release urea(F3),70% common urea +30% controlled-release urea(F4),30% common urea +70% controlled-release urea(F5).The total nitrogen of fertilizer treatment was 135 kg·hm^(-2).The effects of common urea and controlled-release urea combined application on the growth and development of foxtail millet,dry matter accumulation,yield,nitrogen uptake and utilization were studied.The results showed that when the proportion of controlled-release urea was 30%~50%,the performance of foxtail millet indexes was better than other treatments.Compared with the conventional fertilizer F1 treatment,when the ratio of controlled-release urea was 30%~50%,the SPAD value of leaves at grain filling stage was increased by 0.65%~3.20%,the net photosynthetic rate P_(n) was increased by 1.07%~4.33%,the total dry matter accumulation at maturity was increased by 14.53%~77.27%,and the yield was increased by 29.28%~31.81%.Nitrogen utilization rate,nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen agronomic utilization rate were increased by 9.67% to 55.47%,9.72% to 66.74% and 43.04% to 295.55%,respectively.In conclusion,when the total nitrogen fertilizer application is 135 kg·hm~2,common urea combined with 30%~50% controlled-release urea is advantageous for the growth and development of foxtail millet in dry farming conditions in northern Shaanxi Province.

关 键 词：谷子 尿素 配施 干物质积累 产量 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学] S143.1