氨基酸肥料和鼠李糖脂配施对番茄耐盐性和产量的影响  

Effects of amino acid fertilizer and rhamnolipid on salt tolerance and yield of tomato

作　　者：户可欣 高铱遥 许世奇 何彦臻 王旭东[1,2] HU Kexin;GAO Yiyao;XU Shiqi;HE Yanzhen;WANG Xudong(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第5期139-146,166,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDLNY02-05);内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市科技合作重大专项(k4050122019)。

摘　　要：以中度盐渍土为试验土壤,以普罗旺斯番茄品种为试验材料,探索了不同配比氨基酸肥料和鼠李糖脂对番茄生长发育、耐盐性和产量的影响。结果表明:在中度盐渍化土壤常规施肥(氮磷钾复合肥N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=20∶10∶15基施,高钾复合肥N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=10∶5∶25追施)条件下,氨基酸肥料单施(灌施氨基酸肥料300 L·hm^(-2))显著提高了番茄脯氨酸含量,较常规施肥提高13.9%。氨基酸肥料配施24 L·hm^(-2)鼠李糖脂处理可进一步提高番茄耐盐性和降低细胞氧化损伤,与氨基酸肥料单施相比,该处理下过氧化物酶活性和脯氨酸含量分别显著增加31.4%和20.6%,叶片超氧阴离子(O_(2)^(-))产生速率、丙二醛含量和Na^(+)/K^(+)分别显著降低23.8%、26.6%和43.0%。同时,氨基酸肥料配施24 L·hm^(-2)鼠李糖脂处理的番茄产量、可溶性糖和Vc含量最高,较氨基酸肥料单施处理分别显著增加38.5%、14.2%和18.2%。总体来看,以300 L·hm^(-2)氨基酸肥料配施24 L·hm^(-2)鼠李糖脂效果最佳,可有效缓解盐胁迫对细胞膜的损伤,提高叶片渗透调节能力和光合作用,增强番茄的耐盐性,实现产量和品质协同提升。Moderately saline soil was used as the test soil and Provence tomato varieties were used as the test materials to explore the effects of different ratios of amino acid fertilizer and rhamnolipid on the growth and development,salt tolerance and yield of tomato.The results showed that under the condition of conventional fertilization in moderately saline soil (nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=20∶10∶15 basal application,high potassium compound fertilizer N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=10∶5∶25 follow-up application),the application of amino acid fertilizer alone (irrigation of 300 L·hm^(-2)amino acid fertilizer) significantly increased tomato proline content,with a 13.9%increase compared to CF.The combination of amino acid fertilizer and 24 L·hm^(-2)rhamnolipid treatment could further improve tomato salt tolerance and reduce cell oxidative damage,compared with the application of amino acid fertilizer alone,this treatment significantly increased peroxidase activity and proline content by 31.4%and 20.6%,respectively,and the rate of superoxide anion (O_(2)^(-)) production,malondialdehyde content,and Na^(+)/K^(+)in leaves were significantly reduced by 23.8%,26.6%,and 43.0%,respectively.Meanwhile,amino acid fertilizer applied with 24 L·hm^(-2)rhamnolipid treatment had the highest tomato yield,soluble sugar and Vc content,which increased by 38.5%,14.2%,and 18.2%,respectively,compared with amino acid fertilizer applied alone treatment.Overall,300 L·hm^(-2)amino acid fertilizer with 24 L·hm^(-2)rhamnolipid has the best effect,which can effectively alleviate the damage of salt stress on the cell membrane,improve the osmotic regulating ability and leaf photosynthesis,and then enhance the salt tolerance of tomato to achieve a synergistic enhancement of yield and quality.

关 键 词：番茄 氨基酸肥料 鼠李糖脂 耐盐性 产量 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S606.2[农业科学—园艺学]