增温条件下生物炭和腐殖酸改良铜污染土壤对小麦吸持养分的影响  

Effects of improving copper-contaminated soil with biochar and humic acid on nutrient uptake of wheat under warming conditions

作　　者：云望舒 刘德鸿[1] 寇太记[1] 赖路宽 夏东方 YUN Wangshu;LIU Dehong;KOU Taiji;LAI Lukuan;XIA Dongfang(College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,Henan 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第5期189-197,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(32401741);河南科技大学A类博士启动基金(13480101);河南省科技研发计划联合基金(应用攻关类2321038100581)。

摘　　要：为了评价气候变暖条件下生物炭和腐殖酸对铜(Cu)污染土壤的改良效果,于2020年在河南省洛阳市,利用田间被动式夜间增温系统,以冬小麦为研究材料,设置了不同温度下[常温(NT)与夜间增温(HT)],Cu污染土壤中施用生物炭(CCu)、低用量腐殖酸(F1Cu)、高用量腐植酸(F2Cu)的双因素盆栽试验,研究了成熟期小麦的干物质积累与分配、氮(N)、磷(P)和铜(Cu)素的吸收利用和转运迁移规律。结果表明,田间被动式增温系统在小麦全生育期平均增温0.56℃,达到了良好的增温效果。Cu污染使得小麦的生长受到抑制,各部位生物量与总生物量显著降低22.3%~76.0%。HT处理提高了冬小麦生物量(22.3%~27.83%),一定程度缓解了Cu污染对小麦生长的抑制效应;HT处理降低了Cu污染土壤中小麦植株的N、P含量在各组织之间的变化幅度,但对平均含量无显著影响;在CK处理下,对于Cu素转运而言,HT显著提升了Cu素由地下部向地上部转运量的229.62%,且显著增加了小麦植株中N、P的积累量(11.1%~45.5%)。施用腐殖酸和生物炭均减轻了Cu污染对小麦生长的抑制作用,在总生物量中表现为F2Cu>F1Cu>CCu。施用腐殖酸(F1Cu、F2Cu)对小麦N、P积累量有提升趋势;相比Cu处理显著提升了小麦植株N积累量的22.2%~100%。添加改良剂均有利于Cu由茎向穗迁移(9.6%~79.8%),而以CCu处理对其转运的促进更加明显。综上,施用腐殖酸、生物炭均可不同程度减缓Cu污染对小麦生长的危害,有助于提升小麦抵御Cu污染胁迫的能力,但改良重金属Cu污染土壤的农业效果可能在未来气候条件下会发生改变。To evaluate the effects of biochar and humic acid on copper(Cu) contaminated soil under climate warming conditions,a two-factor pot experiment was conducted in Luoyang City,Henan Province,in 2020.The experiment included treatments with biochar(CCu),a low amount of humic acid(F1Cu),and a high amount of humic acid(F2Cu) in Cu-contaminated soil.A passive night-warming system was used in the field,with winter wheat as the study material.The dry matter accumulation and distribution,nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and copper(Cu) uptake,utilization,transport and migration of wheat at maturity stage were studied.The results showed that the passive warming system in the field increased the temperature of wheat by an average of 0.56℃ during the whole growth period and achieved a good warming effect.Copper pollution inhibited wheat growth,significantly reducing the biomass of all plant parts by 22.3% to 76.0%.Nighttime warming(HT) increased the biomass of winter wheat(22.3%~27.83%),alleviating the inhibitory effect of Cu pollution on wheat growth to a certain extent.HT reduced the variation range of N and P contents of wheat plants among tissues in Cu contaminated soil but had no significant effect on the average content.In CK treatment,HT significantly increased the transport of Cu from underground to aboveground by 229.62%,and significantly increased the accumulation of N and P in wheat plants(11.1%~45.5%).The application of humic acid and biochar reduced the inhibitory effect of Cu pollution on wheat growth,and the expression of F2Cu>F1Cu>CCu in total biomass was reduced.The application of humic acid(F1Cu,F2Cu) increased the accumulation of N and P in wheat.Compared with the Cu treatment,the N accumulation of wheat plants was significantly increased by 22.2%~100%.The addition of amendments was beneficial to the migration of Cu from stem to panicle(9.6%~79.8%),and CCu treatment promoted its transport more significantly.In conclusion,the application of humic acid and biochar can mitigate the harmful effects of copper pollution

关 键 词：冬小麦 夜间增温 土壤铜污染 生物炭 腐殖酸 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S156S162.5