不同有机物料还田对白浆土土壤化学计量特征及胞外酶活性的影响  

Effects of returning different organic materials to soil on stoichiometric characteristics and extracellular enzyme activities of albic soil

作　　者：高瑞敏 严君[1,2] 韩晓增 陈旭[1,2] 邹文秀[1,2] 陆欣春 许梦琪[1,3] 杨舒纯 蒋锐[4] GAO Ruimin;YAN Jun;HAN Xiaozeng;CHEN Xu;ZOU Wenxiu;LU Xinchun;XU Mengqi;YANG Shuchun;JIANG Rui(Key Laboratory of Black Land Protection and Utilization,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150081,China;College of Advanced Agricutural Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150040,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Beidahuang Group 852 Company,Shuangyashan,Heilongjiang 155100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土地保护与利用重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]中国科学院大学现代农业科学学院,北京100049 [3]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [4]北大荒集团八五二分公司农业技术推广中心,黑龙江双鸭山155100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第5期198-205,215,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1500802);黑龙江省“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目(2021ZXJ05B03);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类(XDA28070000);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(CARS-04)。

摘　　要：为探究不同有机物料还田对白浆土土壤化学计量特征及胞外酶活性的影响,在东北白浆土地区开展2 a定位试验,设置常规耕作对照(CK,无秸秆无有机肥添加)、秸秆还田(S)、有机肥还田(M)和秸秆搭配有机肥还田(SM)共4个处理。结果表明,与CK相比,施用有机物料均可增加土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷含量,分别增加1.81%~6.91%、1.54%~7.48%和2.04%~7.26%,但对土壤C∶N、C∶P、N∶P无显著影响。施用有机物料均可显著增加土壤碳、氮、磷获取酶的活性,其中土壤氮获取酶活性的增加最为显著,增幅为60.03%~131.15%,且有机肥还田和秸秆搭配有机肥还田对3种土壤获取酶的提升效果优于秸秆还田处理。胞外酶化学计量散点图结果表明,土壤微生物群落受碳和磷的共同限制,而有机物料的投入可缓解这种限制;基于随机森林分析发现,土壤有效磷、碱解氮、微生物生物量碳、微生物量氮和微生物量磷是影响土壤微生物碳和磷限制指标的重要因素。To explore the effects of different organic materials returning on soil stoichiometric characteristics and extracellular enzyme activities in albic soil,a two-year positioning experiment was conducted in the albic soil region of Northeast China.Four treatments were established:conventional tillage control(CK,with no straw and organic fertilizer addition),straw returning(S),organic fertilizer returning(M) and straw combined with organic fertilizer returning(SM).The results indicated that,compared with the control,the application of organic materials increased soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus contents increased by 1.81%~6.91%,1.54%~7.48%,and 2.04%~7.26%,respectively,but had no significant effect on soil C∶N,C∶P and N∶P ratios.Furthermore,the application of organic materials significantly increased the activities of soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition enzymes,with the most pronounced increase observed in soil nitrogen acquisition enzyme activity,ranging from 60.03% to 131.15%.Notably,the effect of organic fertilizer returning to the field and straw combined with organic fertilizer returning on the three soil acquisition enzymes was better than that of straw returning treatment.The results from the extracellular enzyme stoichiometric scatter plot showed that the soil microbial community was jointly limited by carbon and phosphorus,and the input of organic materials could alleviate this limitation.Based on random forest analysis,it was discovered that soil available phosphorus,available nitrogen,microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass phosphorus were important factors affecting soil microbial carbon and phosphorus limitation indicators.

关 键 词：白浆土 有机物料还田 土壤化学计量比 土壤胞外酶活性 土壤微生物养分限制 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S34[农业科学—农业基础科学]