适于新疆单膜收获的大豆割台设计及拨禾过程分析  

Design of soybean header suitable for single-film harvestingin Xinjiang and analysis of grain-sweeping process

作　　者：周巍伟 陈树人[1] 王士国[2] 唐忠 李斌[2] 郭小虎 ZHOU Weiwei;CHEN Shuren;WANG Shiguo;TANG Zhong;LI Bin;GUO Xiaohu(College of Agricultural Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu 212013,China;Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学农业工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第5期294-300,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团农业GG项目。

摘　　要：针对新疆大豆覆膜滴灌栽培技术,设计一款带有地形起伏检测装置的大豆割台。通过田间生长特性测量,确定适于新疆单膜大豆收获的拨禾轮主轴长度为2 000 mm、直径为650 mm。依此设计一种前置轮式地形检测装置,该装置安装于大豆割台两侧,确定检测装置角度转动量与割刀离地高度之间的关系式为:H=80-Δh=80-320(sinθ-sinθ′)。对所设计的大豆割台进行地面起伏检测试验,试验中实际距离与检测距离之间的相对误差均值为0.037~0.039。对拨禾轮工作原理进行分析,研究其产生拨禾作用时的拨禾速比范围。将拨禾轮三维模型导入Adams软件中,分析不同拨禾速比下弹齿的运动轨迹,发现当拨禾速比λ≤1.0时拨禾轮无拨禾作用,当λ>1.0时拨禾轮具有拨禾作用,但拨禾速比过大后,相邻弹齿间会产生作用重叠区域。设计的割台利于新疆大豆单膜收获,地形检测装置可为割台高度的实时调节提供依据。Based on Xinjiang's soybean film-covered drip irrigation cultivation technology,a soybean cutting table with relief detection device was designed.Through field growth characteristics measurement,the parameters of a reel with a main shaft length of 2 000 mm and a diameter of 650 mm suitable for harvesting single-film soybeans in Xinjiang were determined.A front-wheeled terrain detection device was designed and installed on both sides of the soybean cutting table.The relationship between the angular momentum of the detection device and the height of the cutter from the ground was determined as follows:H=80-Δh=80-320(sinθ-sinθ′).The ground fluctuation test was carried out on the designed soybean cutting table,and the mean relative error between the actual distance and the detection distance was 0.037~0.039.The working principle of the plucking wheel was analyzed,and the range of the plucking speed ratio was examined.The three-dimensional model of the wheel was introduced into Adams software to analyze the trajectory of the spring teeth under different speed ratios.It was found that the wheel had no effect when the speed ratio λ≤1.0 but had an effect when λ>1.0.However,when the speed ratio became too large,an overlapping area appeared between adjacent spring teeth.The designed soybean header proved beneficial for the single-film harvesting of soybeans in Xinjiang.Additionally,the terrain detection device is expected to provide a basis for real-time adjustments to the soybean header's height.

关 键 词：大豆 割台设计 拨禾速比 地形检测装置 新疆 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S225.6