铁路客车车轮失圆故障声振特性研究  

Study on the Noise and Vibration Characteristics of the Out-of-roundness Fault of Wheels for Railway Passenger Cars

作　　者：乔森 冯杰成 朱学治 戚壮 靳波 刘鹏飞[3] QIAO Sen;FENG Jiecheng;ZHU Xuezhi;QI Zhuang;JIN Bo;LIU Pengfei(China Railway Xi’an Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710086,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路西安局集团有限公司,陕西西安710086 [2]石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院,河北石家庄050043 [3]石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,河北石家庄050043

出　　处：《铁道车辆》2024年第5期66-73,共8页Rolling Stock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52072249,52305123);河北省自然科学基金(E2024210122);国铁集团科技研究开发计划“揭榜挂帅”资助项目(N2022J027-B)。

摘　　要：应用单轴滚振试验对轮辋故障报警轮对进行振动及噪声测试,测试结果能很好地反映出非圆化对轮对振动噪声的直接影响,轮对几何不圆的主阶次会以基频及其倍频呈现于测试数据中;为充分研究报警轮对在车辆维度的动力学及声辐射特性,建立了车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型及轮对声学仿真模型,并以实测车轮表面粗糙度为输入激励,结合试验和计算结果可知,动力学模型能够反映轮辋故障;在频域对比中,实测和仿真结果中低频带的30 Hz、35 Hz、52 Hz和104 Hz均有波峰对应,即来自主阶次9阶、17阶和中心波长为500 mm的车轮径向缺陷特征频率均能反映在仿真模型上;研究了跟随速度变化的动力冲击和辐射声压幅值,结果指出当前故障轮对的噪声超限。The single-axle rolling and vibration test is performed to make the vibration and noise test on the wheelset subject to the rim fault alarm.The test result can clearly reflect the direct impact of the out-of-roundness on the vibration noise of wheelset and the main order of geometric out-of-roundness of wheelset will be presented in the test data as the fundamental frequency and its multiplication.In order to fully study the dynamic and acoustic radiation characteristics of the alarm wheelset in the car level,a car-rail coupling dynamic model and a wheelset acoustic simulation model are established.The measured roughness of wheel surface is used as the input excitation,and combined with test and calculation results,it is found that the dynamic model can reflect the rim fault.In the frequency domain comparison,peaks corresponding to the low frequency bands of 30 Hz,35 Hz,52 Hz and 104 Hz are observed in both the measured and simulated results,which means that the characteristic frequencies of radial defects in wheels from the 9th order and the 17th order which are main orders and the center wavelength of 500 mm can all be reflected in the simulation model.The dynamic impact and the radiated sound pressure amplitude that follow the speed variation are studied and the results indicate that the noise of the current faulty wheelset exceeds the limit.

关 键 词：铁路客车 车轮失圆 轮对轮辋故障 振动噪声 车辆-轨道耦合系统动力学 振动测试 噪声预测 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]