2001—2022年河南省花生生产动态变化  

Dynamic Changes in Peanut Production of Henan Province from 2001 to 2022

作　　者：李忠峰 曹地 马兴立[1] 张幸果[1] LI Zhong-feng;CAO Di;MA Xing-li(College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第20期206-211,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(232102110205);河南省重大科技专项子课题(221100110300)。

摘　　要：花生含有丰富的食用植物油和蛋白质,是我国食用植物油的重要来源之一。明确河南省各地市花生生产相对优势,优化花生生产布局,进一步提高全省油料综合生产能力。基于2001年以来的河南省油料生产数据,利用集中度和比较优势分析了河南省域内花生的时空演变特征。2001—2022年,河南省花生年度总产量增加1.09倍,占河南省油料作物总产的73.6%~90.7%。2001年以来,花生分布集中趋势更加明显,南阳和驻马店2地花生年产量位居全省前2位,集中度指数(CR_(2))由28.1%稳步增加至53.0%。南阳市、周口市和商丘市的花生效率优势指数分别为1.03~1.35、1.03~1.31、0.97~1.35。南阳、驻马店、开封3地具有明显的规模优势,优势指数分别为1.07~1.91、1.56~2.14、1.39~1.83。2001—2022年,开封市花生生产综合优势指数为1.12~1.50;南阳市优势指数从1.08升至1.41;驻马店市综合优势指数从0.81增加至1.44,表明这3地具有较高的花生综合生产优势。花生是河南省最主要的油料作物,分布呈集中趋势。南阳和驻马店是河南省2个核心花生产区,花生产量占比超过全省总产量的50%。开封具有明显的花生综合生产优势,但主要依赖其突出的相对种植规模。此外,周口和商丘花生单产水平较高,但是相对种植面积偏少。Peanut is rich in edible vegetable oil and protein,which is one of the important sources of edible vegetable oil in China.To clarify the relative advantages of peanut production in various cities and to optimize the layout of peanut production and further improve the total production capacity of oil crops in Henan Province,we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of peanuts by using concentration and comparative advantage based on the production data of oil crops in Henan Province since 2001.Annual peanut yield showed an increase of 1.09 times in 2001-2022,accounted for 73.6%-90.7% of the total oil crop production in Henan Province.Since 2001,the distribution of peanuts had become more concentrated,with Nanyang and Zhumadian ranking among the top two production regions in the province.The concentration ratio(CR_(2))steadily increased from 28.1% to 53.0%.The peanut efficiency advantage indices of Nanyang,Zhoukou and Shangqiu were 1.03-1.35,1.03-1.31 and 0.97-1.35,respectively.Nanyang,Zhumadian and Kaifeng had relatively obvious scale advantages,with the indices of 1.07-1.91,1.56-2.14 and 1.39-1.83,respectively.In 2001-2022,Kaifeng had the comprehensive advantage index of 1.12-1.50 in peanut production.Over the same period,the advantage index rose from 1.08 to 1.41 in Nanyang,and increased from 0.81 to 1.44 in Zhumadian.As the most important oil crop in Henan Province,peanuts displayed a concentrated distribution trend.Nanyang and Zhumadian were the two core peanut production areas in Henan Province,with the peanut yield accounting for more than half of that in Henan Province.Kaifeng had obviously comprehensive advantages in peanut production,which however mainly relied on its prominent planting scale.In addition,both Zhoukou and Shangqiu showed a high level of peanut yield per unit area,but the relatively reduced planting areas.

关 键 词：油料作物 时空变化 花生 集中度 比较优势 

分 类 号：S-9[农业科学] F327[经济管理—产业经济]