高水平女性运动员离心超负荷跳深及下肢生物力学表现研究  

Investigation of the Impact of Accentuated Eccentric Loading on Drop Jump Performance and Lower Limb Biomechanics in Elite Female Athletes

作　　者：刘丽芳 钮兴仪 唐宇林 胡文操 周喆啸 LIU Li-fang;NIU Xing-yi;TANG Yu-lin;HU Wen-cao;ZHOU Zhe-xiao(Faculty of Sports Science,NingboUniversity,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学体育学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《浙江体育科学》2024年第6期72-78,93,共8页Zhejiang Sport Science

基　　金：浙江省省属高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(SJWZ2024015);浙江省教育科学年度规划课题(2024SCG109)。

摘　　要：目的:研究旨在探究高水平女性运动员在执行离心超负荷跳深任务(AEL-DJ)时下肢关节的生物力学特征,明晰离心超负荷的最佳参数值,以期为女性运动员制定跳深训练计划时提供一定的理论参考。方法:10名女子高水平运动员完成下落高度(20cm、30cm、40cm、50cm和60cm)联合负重(10%~20%BW,20%~30%BW)的AEL-DJ测试。采用三维动态捕捉系统与测力台同步采集受试者完成AEL-DJ过程中下肢刚度、关节力矩及功率等指标数据。结果:高水平女性运动员在执行AEL-DJ过程中,选择重负重搭配50~60cm高度时,下肢刚度、膝踝关节力矩、功率以及腾空高度等指标表现较好(P<0.05);当选择轻负重搭配20~30cm高度时,膝踝关节功率和腾空高度等指标表现较好(P<0.05)。研究结论:结果表明,在重负重下,选择50~60cm下落高度进行AEL-DJ练习,可释放最佳蹬伸功率及腾空高度,但膝踝关节外翻损伤风险高。轻负重搭配20~30cm下落高度,既表现较好腾空高度又兼备高下肢刚性,在提高跳跃表现的同时避免损伤,因此推荐女性运动员选择此组合练习。Objective:The study aimed to determine the ideal AEL parameter value and examine the biomechanical properties of elite female athletes'lower extremity joints during AEL-DJ.This will enable female athletes to have some theoretical guidance when developing their deep jump training regimens.Methods:10 female high-level athletes participated in the Assessment of Lower Extremity Difficulty(AEL)test,which involved falling from varying heights(20cm,30cm,40cm,50cm,and 60cm)under different loads(10%-20%of body weight,20%-30%of body weight).The data on lower extremity stiffness,joint torque,and power were collected using a 3D dynamic capture system and a force measuring table while the subjects performed the AEL-DJ task.Results:The results showed enhanced performance in lower extremity stiffness,knee and ankle moment,power,and air height when heavy weight was combined with 50-60cm height during the AEL-DJ task(P<0.05).Conversely,selecting light weight with 20-30cm height led to superior performance in knee and ankle joint power as well as aerial height(P<0.05).Conclusion:The findings indicate that choosing a falling height of 50-60cm for AEL-DJ exercises can result in optimal stretching power and air height under heavy load.However,it is essential to note that this also increases the risk of knee and ankle validation injuries.On the other hand,using light weight with a falling height of 20-30cm not only improves air height and lower limb rigidity but also enhances jumping performance while reducing the risk of injury.Therefore,we recommend female athletes to consider this combination exercise for optimal results.

关 键 词：跳深 增强式训练 离心超负荷训练 高水平女性运动员 下肢生物力学 

分 类 号：G804.66[文化科学—运动人体科学]