基于漫灌模式下不同栽培措施对‘骏枣’生长发育及产量和品质的影响  

Based on the Influence of Different Cultivation Measures on Growth,Yield and Quality of‘Jujube’under Flood Irrigation

作　　者：孙英华 呼亚捷 吴正保[2,3] 田嘉 SUN Yinghua;HU Yajie;WU Zhengbao;TIAN Jia(College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Economic Forestry,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry,Urumqi 830063,China;Akesu National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem,Aksu Xinjiang 843100,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆林业科学院经济林研究所,乌鲁木齐830063 [3]新疆阿克苏森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,新疆阿克苏843100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第10期1896-1906,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：自治区林业发展补助资金(XJLYKJ2021-12);新疆红枣产业技术体系专项资金(XJCYTX-01-02)。

摘　　要：以阿克苏地区株行距为2 m×4 m的15 a生‘骏枣’为试验材料,进行不同栽培措施对‘骏枣’生长发育、枣果产量和品质的影响研究,以期为枣园节本增效的生产栽培管理提供参考依据。试验以常规水肥管理和修剪措施为对照(CK),灌水次数设置为:常规灌水量(6次)、减量1/3(4次)、减量1/2(3次);追肥次数设置为:常规次数(4次)、减量1/2(2次)和减量3/4(1次);修剪强度设置为:常规修剪(保留枣头枝25~30个)、轻度修剪(保留枣头枝35~40个)和重度修剪(保留枣头枝15~20个)。结果表明:(1)通过计算年生长量W_(3)F_(1)轻度修剪处理的地径生长量最大(10.05 mm),W_(3)F_(1)重度修剪处理的当年生枣头枝最多(13.80个/株),而CK处理的枣头枝长度生长量最大(16.74 mm),W_(6)F_(4)重度修剪处理的粗度生长量变化最大(7.07 mm)。(2)从枣果发育方面来看,W_(3)F_(1)轻度修剪处理的单株产量最高(8.48 kg),较CK提高1.29倍。W_(3)F_(1)常规修剪处理的优质果率最高(64.67%),其次是CK(62%),总体优质果率最低的为W_(4)F_(2)重度修剪处理。(3)在主成分分析中,W_(3)F_(1)常规修剪处理果实内在品质指标主成分综合得分最高,W_(3)F_(1)轻度修剪处理次之,但枣果品质等级主成分综合得分最高的为W_(3)F_(1)轻度修剪处理。综上所述,在漫灌模式下,适当的水肥减量和轻度修剪会促进‘骏枣’生长发育,增加枣果产量和提升果实品质,所以成龄‘骏枣’栽培中推荐W_(3)F_(1)轻度修剪处理的栽培管理措施。即年灌水3次(单次2400 m^(3)/hm^(2)),追肥1次(200 g/株),春季修剪进行轻度修剪(保留35~40个枣头枝)。The effects of different cultivation measures on the growth,yield and quality of‘Jujube’were studied by using 15 a‘Jujube’with 2 m×4 m plant spacing in Aksu area,in order to provide reference for the production and cultivation management of jujube orchard.The experiment was controlled by conventional water and fertilizer management and pruning measures(CK).Irrigation times were set as follows:conventional irrigation amount(6 times),reduction of 1/3(4 times),and reduction of 1/2(3 times).The number of topdressing is set to:regular times(4 times),reduction of 1/2(2 times)and reduction of 3/4(1 time);pruning intensity was set as follows:regular pruning(retaining 25-30 jujube head branches),light pruning(retaining 35-40 jujube head branches)and heavy pruning(retaining 15-20 jujube head branches).The results show that:(1)By calculating the annual growth amount,the ground diameter growth of jujube was the largest(10.05 mm)under W_(3)F_(1) light pruning treatment,and the number of head branches of jujube under W_(3)F_(1) heavy pruning treatment was the largest(13.80 plant),while the length of head branches of jujube under CK treatment was the largest(16.74 mm).W_(6)F_(4) heavy pruning treatment had the largest change in coarseness growth(7.07 mm).(2)From the perspective of jujube fruit development,W_(3)F_(1) light pruning treatment had the highest yield per plant(8.48 kg),which was 1.29 times higher than CK.W_(3)F_(1) regular pruning treatment had the highest quality fruit rate(64.67%),followed by CK(62%),and W_(4)F_(2) heavy pruning treatment had the lowest overall quality fruit rate.(3)In the principal component analysis,W_(3)F_(1) regular pruning treatment had the highest overall score of principal component of fruit quality index,followed by W_(3)F_(1) light pruning treatment,but W_(3)F_(1) light pruning treatment had the highest overall score of principal component of fruit quality.So the cultivation management measures of W_(3)F_(1) treatment are recommended in the cultivation of mature‘Jujube’.That i

关 键 词：骏枣 栽培措施 生长量 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学] S274[农业科学—园艺学]