长期施肥模式对陕南核桃园土壤水分动态的影响  

Effects of Long-term Fertilization Modes on Soil Moisture Dynamics of Walnut Orchard in Southern Shaanxi

作　　者：巴婷婷 薛欣 刘蓓青 李雄 翟梅枝[2,3] 张建国 BA Tingting;XUE Xin;LIU Beiqing;LI Xiong;ZHAI Meizhi;ZHANG Jianguo(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;Walnut Engineering Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Province,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西省核桃工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第10期1982-1990,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41877541);陕西省重点研发计划(2022ZDLNY02-03)。

摘　　要：为了探究不同施肥模式下不同土层水分动态的差异,共设置3种不同施肥模式:不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(T1)及化肥配施有机肥和生物有机肥(T2),对陕南山阳县长期定位施肥的核桃林地不同土层(0~20,20~40,40~60,60~80 cm)进行为期1 a的动态监测。结果表明,研究区0~80 cm各土层含水量随着降雨量的季节性变化呈现出明显的波动,化肥配施有机肥和生物有机肥对降雨的响应度最高;核桃树生长关键期20~60 cm土层土壤含水量T2>CK>T1,说明化肥配施有机肥和生物有机肥可缓解生育期内水分供需矛盾;不同施肥处理下核桃园均存在季节性水分亏缺状况,表现为较一致的季节性,化肥配施有机肥和生物有机肥处理下0~80 cm土层土壤储水量最高,有效缓解土壤的水分亏缺状况。3种不同施肥模式中,化肥配施有机肥和生物有机肥能提高土壤对雨水的保蓄和利用能力,对土壤水分条件改善效果最好,建议在核桃水分管理中推广应用。The soil moisture and fertility play crucial roles in the growth and yield of walnuts,and various fertilizer application modes have significant effect on soil moisture.In order to explore the water dynamics at different soil layers under different fertilization modes,an experiment was conducted using three different fertilizer treatments:No fertilization(CK),Chemical fertilizers(T1),and Chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer(T2).The soil moisture at various soil layers(0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 cm)in a long-term positioned fertilization walnut forest in Shangyang,southern Shaanxi,was monitored for one-year in Shanyang The results showed that the water content at 0-80 cm soil layers exhibited noticeble fluctuations in response to precipitation,the T2 had the highest response to precipitation.During critical growth period of walnut tree,the soil moisture at 20-60 cm layers demonstrated the following order:T2>CK>T1,indicating that the combination of chemical fertilizer,,organic fertilizer,and biological fertilizer alleviated the contradiction of water supply and demand during the walnut tree growth period;Walnut orchards under different fertilization treatments experienced seasonal water deficit,exhibiting a consistent seasonal pattern.Soil water storage in the 0-80 cm layer was the highest under chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer treatment,effectively alleviating soil water deficit.Among the three different modes,chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer treatment enhanced soil rainwater storage and utilization capacity,and improved the soil water status greatly.Therefore,it is recommended to promote the application of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer for effective walnut water management.

关 键 词：核桃园 施肥模式 降雨 土壤水分 陕南 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S664.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]