棘孢木霉降解纤维素能力评价及其对玉米秸秆的降解效果  

Evaluation of Cellulose Degradation Ability of Trichoderma asperellum and Degradation Effect on Corn Straw

作　　者：王珊珊[1] 万博文 王皓郁 连启睿 朱振元[1] WANG Shanshan;WAN Bowen;WANG Haoyu;LIAN Qirui;ZHU Zhenyuan(College of Food Science and Engineering,Tianjin University of Science&Technology,Tianjin 300457,China)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院,天津300457

出　　处：《天津科技大学学报》2024年第5期22-30,55,共10页Journal of Tianjin University of Science & Technology

基　　金：天津市重点研发计划项目(20YFZCSN00210)。

摘　　要：秸秆在自然条件下降解速度慢,容易造成环境污染及资源浪费。为了提高玉米秸秆的还田率和土壤肥力,本研究利用刚果红染色法、滤纸崩解实验等多种方法对实验室分离鉴定保藏的菌株棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperel-lum)ZZY的降解纤维素能力进行综合评价。结果表明:棘孢木霉中的羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)、β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-Gase)和滤纸酶(FPA)的酶活力分别为(22.67±1.95)U/mL、(14.96±1.11)U/mL和(14.56±0.79)U/mL。随后利用盆栽实验将其孢子粉制备的可湿性粉剂施用在玉米秸秆上,与对照组相比,在15~120 d内显著加快了玉米秸秆的降解速度,菌剂组在120 d时达到了最好的降解效果,玉米秸秆的干质量、半纤维素、纤维素、木质素的降解率分别达到(82.87±5.12)%、(81.96±5.02)%、(86.75±4.72)%、(65.11±6.21)%;土壤中的营养成分也显著提高,有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量分别达到(30.83±0.22)g/kg、(3.03±0.12)g/kg、(21.82±0.13)mg/kg、(410.30±0.84)mg/kg。这说明棘孢木霉ZZY具有良好的降解纤维素的能力,其制备的可湿性粉剂能有效降解玉米秸秆,提高秸秆还田率,提升土壤肥力。The degradation rate of corn straw is slow under natural conditions,which is easy to cause environmental pollution and waste of resources.In order to improve the return rate of corn straw and improve soil fertility,in our current study we used a variety of methods such as Congo red staining method and filter paper disintegration test to comprehensively evaluate the cellulose degradation ability of Trichoderma asperellum ZZY,the strain isolated and identified in the laboratory.The results showed the three cellulase including carboxymethylcellulose(CMCase),β-glucosidase(β-Gase)and filter paper enzyme(FPA)produced by Trichoderma asperellum were(22.67±1.95)U/mL,(14.96±1.11)U/mL and(14.56±0.79)U/mL respectively.Subsequently,a pot experiment was conducted to apply the hygroscopic powder of Trichoderma asperellum to corn straw.The results showed,compared with the control group,that the degradation rate of corn straw accelerated significantly within 15-120 days.After the degradation of 120 days,the dry weight,hemicellulose,cellulose and lignin degradation rates of corn straw reached(82.87±5.12)%,(81.96±5.02)%,(86.75±4.72)%and(65.11±6.21)%,respectively.More-over,the nutrient of soil was also improved significantly,with organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium reaching(30.83±0.22)g/kg,(3.03±0.12)g/kg,(21.82±0.13)mg/kg and(410.30±0.84)mg/kg,respectively.The results suggest that Trichoderma asperellum ZZY has a good ability to degrade cellulose,and the prepared wettable powder can significantly degrade corn straw and improve the return rate of corn straw.

关 键 词：棘孢木霉 玉米秸秆 纤维素降解 土壤养分变化 

分 类 号：S144.9[农业科学—肥料学]