机载显示器视觉工效学需求综述  

The ergonomic requirements of liquid crystal displays in airborne environments

作　　者：李少衡 陈涛 苏玉婷 王雨生 张作明 Li Shaoheng;Chen Tao;Su Yuting;Wang Yusheng;Zhang Zuoming(Department of Ophthalmology,Eye Institute of Chinese PLA,Xijing Hospital,Air Force Military Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China;Aerospace Clinical Medical Center,School of Aerospace Medicine,Air Force Military Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China;Department of Aviation Medicine,Xijing Hospital,Air Force Military Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学西京医院眼科,西安710032 [2]空军军医大学航空航天医学系航空航天临床医学中心,西安710032 [3]空军军医大学西京医院空勤科,西安710032

出　　处：《中国医学装备》2024年第10期183-189,共7页China Medical Equipment

基　　金：军事医学与航空医学重大问题科技攻关科研任务(2022ZZXM026)。

摘　　要：特种飞行任务呈现区域广、任务急和变化多的特点,长航时飞行成为常态。长时间的屏幕作业带来的视觉问题对飞行人员造成极大困扰,尤其是在夜间飞行时上述问题更为突出,影响相关飞行参数和飞行信息的获取。目前服役的特种飞机机载座舱显示器技术参数采用的标准不符合人体工效学要求,且显示器产品来源受限,限制了设计部门对显示器的选择。同时,航空工业尚缺乏视觉工效学评估条件和技术手段,是导致特种飞机座舱视觉工效学存在诸多不足的重要因素。根据《机载液晶显示器通用规范》(GJB8187-2015)及其他相关现行标准,从现代座舱显示需求、座舱显示现状、屏显光源改造技术及其应用和座舱显示视觉工效学评估技术方面,探讨飞行过程中现有特种飞机机载显示屏视觉作业面的清晰度、色觉还原度等视觉属性是否符合长航时作战需求,作业环境是否具备视觉舒适性以及是否可有效减少视疲劳发生的视觉工效学需求。旨在改善飞行人员在现役特种飞机座舱环境下工作后,对视觉工效学方面的满意度评价较差的问题。并为进一步优化特种飞机座舱显示技术,为减少飞行过程中长时间屏幕作业所带来的视觉问题提供新思路。Special flight missions cover vast areas,involve urgent tasks,and often require long hours,leading to visual issues for crew,especially during night flights.These problems affect flight parameters and information access.Current special aircraft cockpit displays have low technical standards and limited product sources,restricting design choices.The absence of visual ergonomics evaluation tools and methods in the aviation industry significantly contributes to the shortcomings in military aircraft cockpit design.Considering the General Specification for Airborne Liquid Crystal Displays(GJB8187-2015)and other relevant standards,this covers modern cockpit display requirements,current cockpit display status,screen light source modification technology,and visual ergonomics assessment for cockpit displays.To determine if the visual clarity,color accuracy,and other attributes of current special aircraft airborne displays during flight meet the needs for long-duration operations,and if the operational environment ensures visual comfort and ergonomics to minimize visual fatigue.We seek to enhance the evaluation of visual ergonomics satisfaction for flight crews in current special aircraft cockpits and offers new approaches to optimize cockpit display technology,reducing visual issues from prolonged screen use during flights.

关 键 词：特种飞机机载显示器 视疲劳 工效学 机载液晶显示器通用规范 

分 类 号：R197.39[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]