夏季高温对冀中平原地区荷斯坦奶牛生产性能及其血液生理生化指标的影响  

Effect of High Temperature in Summer on Production Performance and Blood Biochemical Parameter of Holstein Cows in Central Hebei Plain

作　　者：王亚男 张洪伟 周英昊 郭建军 许翊冉 高玉红[2] 唐昭晖 WANGYanan;ZHANG Hongwei;ZHOU Yinghao;GUO Jianjun;XU Yiran;GAO Yuhong;TANG Zhaohui(Animal Husbandry Research Institute,Chengde Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Chengde,Hebei 067000,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China;Chengde College of Applied Technology,Chengde,Hebei 067000,China)

机构地区：[1]承德市农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所,河北承德067000 [2]河北农业大学动物科技学院,河北保定071000 [3]承德应用技术职业学院,河北承德067000

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2024年第10期43-49,共7页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：河北省重点研发技术乡村振兴技术创新专项(22326612D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队建设项目(HBCT2024230205);河北省奶业振兴重大技术创新专项(19226632D)。

摘　　要：该试验旨在探索冀中平原地区夏季高温对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响,为缓解奶牛热应激研究提供参考。试验分3个阶段进行,即非热季期、热季初期和热季后期,研究该区域荷斯坦奶牛的血常规、抗氧化性能、内分泌和免疫功能指标的变化规律。结果表明,随着环境温度的升高,奶牛干物质采食量、乳脂和乳蛋白含量极显著降低(P<0.01),产奶量下降0.74 kg(P<0.05),且呼吸频率极显著增加(P<0.01)。从血液指标分析,热季后期白细胞、红细胞、血小板、淋巴细胞和单核细胞的含量显著降低(P<0.05),而血小板压积、血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积和红细胞平均体积极显著上升(P<0.01)。另外,随温度升高,促肾上腺皮质激素和甲状腺素均极显著升高(P<0.01),葡萄糖含量极显著下降(P<0.01),热季期总抗氧化能力极显著升高(P<0.01),热季后期超氧化物歧化酶含量显著降低(P<0.05)。可见,上述显著性变化的指标可作为冀中平原区奶牛对热环境敏感的关键因子,为早期制定防控措施和筛选耐应激个体提供可靠的理论依据。The experiment aimed to explore the effect of high temperature in summer on the production performance and blood biochemical indexes of Holstein cows in the central Hebei plain,and to provide relevant theoretical basis for the study of alleviating heat stress in dairy cows.The experiment was conducted in three stages:non-hot season stage,early hot season stage,the late hot season stage.The changes of blood routine,antioxidant capacity,endocrine and immune function indexes of Holstein cows in this plain were studied.The results indicated that with the increase in environmental temperature,the dry mater intake,milk fat and protein content of dairy cows decreased significantly(P<0.01),milk production fell by 0.74 kg(P<0.05),while the respiratory rate increased significantly(P<0.01).Blood parameter analysis showed that the levels of WBC,RBC,PLT,LY and MO decreased significantly in the late hot season(P<0.05),while PCT,HGB,HCT,MCV increased significantly(P<0.01).In addition,with the increase in temperature,ACTH and thyroxine both showed a significant increase(P<0.01),while GLU content decreased significantly(P<0.01).During the hot season,T-AOC increased significantly(P<0.01),the content of SOD decreased significantly(P<0.05)in the late stage of hot season.In conclusion,the significant changes in the above indicators can be considered as key factors sensitive to heat environment in the central Hebei plain.It provides a reliable theoretical basis for early formulation of prevention and control measures and screening of stress-tolerant individuals.

关 键 词：高温 荷斯坦牛 生理生化指标 产奶性能 热应激 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学] S823[农业科学—畜牧兽医]