河北谷子主产区施肥现状调查与分析  

Investigation and analysis of fertilizer application in main producing areas of millet in Hebei Province

作　　者：封乾 赵旭 唐锐 蒋龙刚 贾良良[2] 张爱军 刘克桐 FENG Qian;ZHAO Xu;TANG Rui;JIANG Longgang;JIA Liangliang;ZHANG Aijun;LIU Ketong(Hebei Province Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection Center,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;College of Land and Resources,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省耕地质量监测保护中心,河北石家庄050051 [2]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北石家庄050051 [3]河北农业大学国土资源学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2024年第20期10-15,共6页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HBCT2024080401)。

摘　　要：为了解谷子施肥情况,科学指导谷子施肥,对河北地区不同谷子主产区198个种植户施肥情况进行调查分析。结果发现,所有种植户均施用基肥,追肥户数占比60.10%,有机肥施用户数占比36.36%,有2户施用微肥硼;平均养分投入量分别为氮(N)143.46 kg/hm^(2)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))75.08 kg/hm^(2)、钾(K_(2)O)51.87 kg/hm^(2),谷子平均产量4680 kg/hm^(2);不同谷子主产区的养分投入量存在较大差异,基肥施用量占比高;有机肥氮、磷投入量较低;氮肥偏生产力(PFP)表现为冀中>冀北>冀东>冀南,磷肥PFP表现为冀中>冀东>冀北>冀南,钾肥PFP表现为冀北>冀东>冀南>冀中;通过边界线分析法拟合谷子最优施肥量分别为N153.13 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)82.63 kg/hm^(2)和K_(2)O 50.95 kg/hm^(2)。综合来看,研究区谷子施肥在基肥与追肥施用比例、有机肥和无机肥施用比例方面有待进一步调整,微肥施用有待进一步推广;建议氮肥、基追肥比例控制在1∶2左右,磷、钾肥后期少量追肥,提高有机肥施用占比;各区域根据模拟最优施肥量适当增加氮、磷投入量,重视硼等微肥施用。To understand the situation of grain fertilization and guide grain fertilization scientifically,the fertilization situation of 198 growers in different main millet producing areas in the Hebei Province region was investigated and analyzed.It was found that all millet growers applied base fertilizer,60.10%of them applied topdressing fertilizer,36.36%of them applied organic fertilizer,only two of them applied micro-fertilizer boron.The average nutrient inputs were nitrogen(N)143.46 kg/hm^(2),phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5))75.08 kg/hm^(2)and potassium(K_(2)O)51.87 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The average yield of millet was 4680 kg/hm^(2).There were significant differences in nutrient input among different main production areas of foxtail millet,with a high proportion of basal fertilizer application,the input of organic fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus was relatively low.The partial productivity(PFP)of nitrogen fertilizer showed as Central Hebei>Northern Hebei>Eastern Hebei>Southern Hebei,the PFP of phosphorus fertilizer showed as Central Hebei>Eastern Hebei>Northern Hebei>Southern Hebei,the PFP of potassium fertilizer showed as Northern Hebei>Eastern Hebei>Southern Hebei>Central Hebei.The optimal fertilizer application rates of grain in the province were N 153.13 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)82.63 kg/hm^(2)and K_(2)O 50.95 kg/hm^(2).Overall,the fertilization of foxtail millet in the research area requires further adjustment of the ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing,the ratio of organic fertilizer to inorganic fertilizer,and the promotion of micro fertilizer application.It was recommended to control the proportion of nitrogen based topdressing at around 1:2,and a small amount of topdressing in the later stage of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer,the proportion of organic fertilizer application should be increasedand.Each region should increase the input of nitrogen and phosphorus appropriately according to the simulated optimal fertilization amount,and pay attention to the application of micro fertilizers such as boron.

关 键 词：谷子施肥 谷子产量 肥料偏生产力 边界线分析法 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]