环境RNA在化学物质生态风险评估中的应用及展望  

Environmental RNA applications in ecological risk assessment of chemicals

作　　者：苟潇 宿欣欣 王琼 刘向林 吉慧敏 张效伟[1,2] GOU Xiao;SU Xinxin;WANG Qiong;LIU Xianglin;JI Huimin;ZHANG Xiaowei(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River,School of the Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk Research for Ecological Environment Protection,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学环境学院,国家环境保护长江中下游水生态健康重点实验室,江苏南京210023 [2]江苏省生态环境保护化学品安全与健康风险研究重点实验室,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《中国药理学与毒理学杂志》2024年第10期759-765,共7页Chinese Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3202101)。

摘　　要：由化学污染导致的生态系统功能受损是全球面临的挑战之一。《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》提出,要降低污染风险以达到对生物多样性和功能无害的水平,这在生态系统水平上对化学物质风险管理提出更高的要求。传统的生态毒性测试以单个物种为对象,不仅忽略了对生物遗传多样性的保护,且简化了物种间的相互作用。本文提出在暴露于化学污染的生物群落中,基于环境RNA(eRNA)分析技术,建立可覆盖多物种、多生物水平的化学污染生态风险评估方法。首先综述了eRNA在化学污染风险评估中的研究进展与发展趋势,进而提出基于eRNA的化学污染从分子到群落的生物效应测试策略,以及基于不同保护目标的生态风险评估模型,最后基于eRNA的毒性测试面临的理论知识与技术难题,对未来eRNA在野外捕捉化学污染真实的生态效应应用前景进行了展望。Chemical pollution-induced damage to ecosystem function has been a global challenge.The latest"Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework"proposed reducing pol ution risks to levels harmless to biodiversity and function,placing higher demands on chemical risk management at the ecosystem level.Conventional ecotoxicity tests have focused on single species,only to neglect genetic diversity protection and simplify species interactions.Here,we proposed using environmental RNA(eRNA)and metatranscriptomic analysis to establish a multi-species,multi-biological level chemical pollution ecological risk assessment approach in exposed communities.We reviewed the current status and trends of eRNA in chemical pollution risk assessment and proposed a strategy for bioeffect testing from molecules to communities based on eRNA,constructing ecological risk assessment models for different protection goals.Finally,we summarized the theoretical and technical challenges facing eRNA-based toxicity testing and outlined the future applications of eRNA in capturing real ecological effects of chemical pollution in the field.

关 键 词：环境RNA 化学污染 毒性测试 风险评估 生态效应 

分 类 号：R99[医药卫生—毒理学]