中国式现代化进程中的民营企业诉求:基于“地方领导留言板”和大语言模型的实证分析  

Demands of Private Enterprises in the Process of Chinese-style Modernization:Evidence from the“Local Leaders Message Board”and Large Language Models

作　　者：卢圣华[1] 汪晖[1] Lu Shenghua;Wang Hui(School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第9期84-97,共14页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学重大课题(15ZDA024)。

摘　　要：民营经济做强做优做大对推进中国式现代化进程具有重要意义。通过搜集人民网“地方领导留言板”近两百万条网友留言记录,在将民营企业诉求分为市场准入与公平竞争、政府服务及诚信、经营要素获取、合理收费与罚款、产权和企业家权益保护五大主题的基础上,利用大语言模型探究民营企业诉求的主要特征,结果发现:(1)经营要素获取和市场准入与公平竞争问题最为突出,两者占民营企业诉求总数的68.74%。(2)从时间维度看,民营企业诉求数量呈现明显的增长趋势,中美贸易摩擦和新冠疫情是造成这一趋势的重要外部因素。(3)从空间维度看,民营企业诉求主要集中于中西部地区和东北地区,且各地区民营企业诉求的侧重点各有不同。政府在优化民营经济发展环境过程中应力求因时、因地制宜,尤其要着力破解要素获取难题和公平竞争问题,以促进民营经济发展壮大。The private economy is an important foundation for advancing Chinese-style modernization and achieving high-quality development.The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized optimizing the development environment for private enterprises,protecting the property rights and rights and interests of private enterprises and entrepreneurs in accordance with the law,and promoting the growth and development of the private economy.However,existing research is inadequate describing the overall demands of private enterprises.This poses a challenge for scholars and policymakers to fully grasp the difficulties faced by private enterprises in the course of their development.This study aims to investigate the basic characteristics and spatial and temporal evolution patterns of private enterprises’demands by leveraging big data and large language models,thereby providing policy references for precise policymaking and implementation to promote the growth and development of private enterprises.Specifically,this study first categorizes the demands of private enterprises into five main themes based on theory and policy practice:market access and fair competition,government services and integrity,access to management elements,reasonable fees and fines,and protection of property rights and rights and interests of entrepreneurs.Based on nearly two million posts left by netizens on the“Message Board for Local Leaders”on people.com.cn from 2011 to 2021,and by utilizing the ChatGLM2-6B large language model,this paper accurately identified 6633 demands from private enterprises from the nearly two million posts and categorized each demand into one of the five themes.The research results show that access to management elements and market access and fair competition are the most pressing demands of private entrepreneurs,accounting for 68.74%of the total demands.Among the issues related to access to management elements,the demand for funds is the strongest,accounting for as high as 62.98%within this c

关 键 词：民营企业 中国式现代化 地方领导留言板 大数据 生成式人工智能 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学] F276.5[政治法律—中外政治制度]