“东南二老”与康乾之际的诗学承变  

"Two Elders of the Southeast"and the Inheritance and Change of Poetics During the Kang-Qian

作　　者：黄鹏程[1] Huang Pengcheng(School of Literature,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学文学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第9期124-135,共12页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(23FZWB053)。

摘　　要：“东南二老”的诗歌观念体现出康乾之际诗学承续转变的复杂特征。诗歌面目论强调宗法贵在神理、自成面目,“以人论诗”突破“以时论诗”的阐述模式,重构个人创作与诗歌典范的关系。诗歌新面目的建立关涉风格、性情、手法等命题。神韵诗风在流衍后期陷入单一虚泛的困境,沈氏以诗选编纂、钱氏以创作实践积极开拓诗歌风格的取径,引导诗风多元化发展。二人倡扬性情诗论,性情诗论的社会性维度强化政教功能、个体性维度突出诗歌表现之“切”,两者产生庙堂化、私情化的异趋。以文为诗的创作风气深化了诗文之辨,对诗歌的赋比兴手法、议论功能、创作主体身份等话题的论说折射出诗人、文人与学人之诗的殊途。The Kang-Qian Era marked a crucial transitional phase in Qing Dynasty poetics.Shen Deqian and Qian Chenqun,known as the“Two Elders of the Southeast”,held prominent political positions and were important poets and literary scholars during this period.They both exerted significant influence in the poetic community during that period.During the Kang-Qian Era,there was a call to reveal the true and new visage of poetry.The discourse examined the relationship between personal creativity,poetic tradition,and past exemplars.This discussion sought to uncover the true essence of the ancients by investigating the evolution of poetic history while also addressing the landscape of contemporary poetry to establish a new perspective.This approach emphasized the poet’s subjectivity and transcended the boundaries of the era,replacing the focus on the periodization with an emphasis on the individual.Shen Deqian believed that individual temperament and poetic visage should be integrated,resulting in each poet having their unique artistic styles.He argued for a balanced relationship between the poet’s own creation and the traditional models,achieving a natural fusion of visage and spirit.Qian Chenqun,with his extensive and comprehensive poetic style,broke free from the limitations of poetry periodization.He believed that poetry should be based on the wide range of knowledge and penetrate beyond superficial and hollow expressions.The relevant discourse encompassed topics such as style,temperament,and techniques,reflecting the multidimensional changes in poetry during the Kangxi and Qianlong periods.Firstly,there was an active exploration of diversified poetic styles.The Shenyun(神韵)style had leaned towards the influence of Wang Wei and Meng Haoran,resulting in a later phase of monotonous style.Shen Deqian believed that the visage of poetry was rich and diverse,with each style having its own merits.Contemporary poets,in his view,should broaden their horizons,encompass various aesthetic types,and explore widely.The incorpor

关 键 词：康乾之际 沈德潜 钱陈群 诗歌面目 诗学 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学] K249[历史地理—历史学]