“乌克兰文学”背后的国际政治学:来自西方斯拉夫学的论述  

International Politics Behind"Ukrainian Literature":Discourse from Western Slavic Studies

作　　者：林精华 Lin Jinghua

机构地区：[1]安徽大学 [2]首都师范大学 [3]北京第二外国语学院北京市教委 [4]华东师范大学俄罗斯研究中心

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2024年第5期139-160,166,共23页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“剑桥俄罗斯文学(九卷本)翻译与研究”(14ZDB089)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：从19世纪40年代开始,帝俄体制内外的批评家和文学史家虽然在具体文学现象认知上有差别,但都把通过殖民扩张而不断扩大的俄罗斯帝国之文学,视为统一的“俄罗斯文学”。在这种文学版图中,是不存在包括“乌克兰文学”在内的非俄罗斯文学的。这种相当程度上背离历史的话语战略,在苏联时期得到延续、强化。流亡在欧美的乌克兰裔学者不断成立学术组织,通过大量史料发掘“乌克兰历史”“乌克兰文学”,从而解构苏俄建构的“俄罗斯文学史”。把乌克兰文学作为专门的文学现象从俄罗斯文学中分解出来,不仅有助于还原乌克兰作为主体民族和国家的地位,而且颠覆了长达三个世纪以来俄罗斯人所建立的统一的“俄罗斯文学”概念,这连同乌克兰侨民所保留和彰显的乌克兰身份一道,共同推动了乌克兰作为主体民族之意识的形成、发展和壮大。这种学术工作及其成果成为西方斯拉夫学的一部分,为苏联解体后乌克兰建构主体民族和国家提供了思想资源,塑造了乌克兰人异于俄罗斯人的主体意识。From the 1840s onwards,critics and literary historians both inside and outside the imperial Russian system,while differing in their perceptions of specific literary phenomena,regarded the literature of the Russian Empire,which had been expanding through colonial expansion,as a unified"Russian literature."In this literary map,there is no non-Russian literature,including"Ukrainian literature".This discursive strategy,which departs from history to a considerable extent,was continued and intensified during the Soviet period.Scholars of Ukrainian descent living in exile in Europe and the United States continued to set up academic organizations to discover"Ukrainian history"and"Ukrainian literature"through a large number of historical materials,so as to deconstruct the"history of Russian literature"constructed by the Soviet Union.The separation of Ukrainian literature from Russian literature as a specialized literary phenomenon not only helps to restore the status of Ukraine as a subject nation and state,but also reverses the unifying concept of"Russian literature"that has been established by the Russians over the past three centuries,which,together with the Ukrainian diaspora's act of preserving and expressing Ukrainian identity,is an important force in the formation,development,and growth of Ukrainian consciousness as a subject nation.This scholarly work and its results became part of western slavic studies,which provided intellectual resources for the construction of a subjective nation and state in post-Soviet Ukraine,shaping the Ukrainian subjective consciousness as distinct from that of the Russians.

关 键 词：“乌克兰文学” 俄罗斯文学 乌克兰侨民 西方斯拉夫学 乌克兰民族认同 

分 类 号：I511.306[文学—其他各国文学] D751.13[政治法律—政治学] D851.13[政治法律—中外政治制度] D851.2