清代瘟疫类图书的出版与瘟疫理论的建构  

The Publication of Plague-Related Books and the Construction of Plague Theory in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张献忠[1] Zhang Xianzhong

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《江西社会科学》2024年第8期132-147,F0002,206,207,共19页Jiangxi Social Sciences

摘　　要：早在先秦时期,中国典籍中就有了瘟疫的记载,且时人已认识到其流行性特点及危害,但直到明末吴又可撰成《温疫论》,中国才有了第一部瘟疫学专著。入清后,《温疫论》不断被重刻或翻刻,对其进行阐释、增订或删改的著述也不断被刊行。与此同时,清代医者新撰了大量瘟疫类图书。书坊、作者及其后代、官员、会馆等各种社会力量都参与到瘟疫类图书的刊刻中,其中很多刊刻者还免费发送图书,甚至鼓励翻刻。所有这些都是疫病防治和疫灾救助的重要组成部分。瘟疫类图书的大量编纂和刊刻,还促进了瘟疫理论的发展和繁荣。另外,从瘟疫类图书特别是其序跋中不仅可以洞察瘟疫对人类社会造成的灾难,还可以发现国家、社会以及个体在瘟疫发生时的应对。As early as the pre-Qin period,Chinese classics recorded plagues,and people at that time had recognized their epidemic characteristics and dangers.However,it was not until the late Ming Dynasty,when Wu Youke wrote the Treatise on Epidemic Infectious Disease that China had its first monograph on epidemiology.After the Qing Dynasty,the Treatise on Epidemic Infectious Diseases was continuously reprinted and revised,and many works that explained,supplemented,or edited it were also published.Meanwhile,doctors in the Qing Dynasty wrote a large number of new plague-related books.Various social forces,including bookshops,authors and their descendants,officials and guilds,participated in the printing and publication of these plague-related books,with many publishers distributing the books for free or encouraging reprints.All these efforts were also crucial parts of epidemic prevention and relief.The extensive compilation and publication of plague-related books further promoted the development and prosperity of plague theories.Additionally,the prefaces and postscripts of these plague-related books provide insights into the disasters caused by plagues on human society,as well as the responses of the state,society and individuals during outbreaks.

关 键 词：清代 瘟疫类图书 瘟疫理论 疫病防治 疫灾救助 

分 类 号：G239.29[文化科学]