2021—2023年北京市丰台区部分公共场所空调冷却塔及淋浴喷头中嗜肺军团菌污染状况  

Contamination status of Legionella pneumophila in air-conditioning cooling and shower nozzles in some public places in Fengtai District,Beijing

作　　者：黄儒婷[1] 潘颖[1] 侯宛祺 崔宝荣[1] 曹佳琪 郝静[1] HUANG Ru-ting;PAN Ying;HOU Wan-qi;CUI Bao-rong;CAO Jia-qi;HAO Jing(Department of Environmental Hygiene,Fengtai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心环境卫生科,北京100070

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2024年第8期722-724,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

摘　　要：目的了解北京市丰台区部分公共场所空调冷却塔和淋浴喷头中嗜肺军团菌污染状况。方法2021—2023年在北京市丰台区开展空调冷却塔和淋浴喷头中嗜肺军团菌污染状况调查,分别在住宿场所和医院采集空调冷却塔水,在住宿场所、医院、洗浴场所和游泳场所采集淋浴喷头水,依据《公共场所卫生检验方法第5部分:集中空调通风系统》(GB/T18204.5—2013),开展嗜肺军团菌分离培养和血清分型鉴定。结果2021—2023年在丰台区116家公共场所采集240份水样,嗜肺军团菌总体阳性率为12.08%,LP1血清型构成比为55.17%(16/29)。不同场所嗜肺军团菌阳性率的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.610,P=0.009),住宿场所阳性率最高,为21.25%。空调冷却塔嗜肺军团菌阳性率为15.38%,淋浴喷头阳性率为10.49%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.770,P=0.380)。不同类型公共场所的淋浴喷头嗜肺军团菌阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.098,P=0.007),住宿场所淋浴喷头的阳性率最高,为21.74%,医院淋浴喷头的阳性率最低,为2.94%。结论本次调查的丰台区公共场所的空调冷却塔和淋浴喷头存在嗜肺军团菌污染,公共场所和卫生监督部门要进一步加强对空调系统和淋浴系统的卫生管理。升高淋浴器设置温度、定期高温冲刷是控制淋浴系统嗜肺军团菌孳生的有效手段。Objective To understand the contamination status of Legionella pneumophila in air-conditioning cooling and shower nozzles in some public places in Fengtai District,Beijing.Methods A hygienic survey on Legionella pneumophila pollution in air-conditioning cooling and shower nozzles in some public places was carried out in Fengtai District from 2021 to 2023.The water samples were collected from cooling towers in accommodation places and hospitals,and from the shower nozzles in accommodation places,hospitals,bathing places and swimming places,and then Legionella pneumophila isolation and serotyping were conducted.Results A total of 240 water samples were collected from 116 public places in Fengtai District.The overall positive rate of Legionella pneumophila was 12.08%and the constituent ratio of LP1 was 55.17%(16/29).The positive rate in different types of public places was significantly different(P<0.01)and the highest positive rate was in the residential places,21.25%.The positive rates of air-conditioning cooling and shower nozzles were 15.38%and 10.49%,respectively.No significant difference was seen in positive rates in different types of water.The positive rate in shower nozzles in different types of public places was significantly different,the highest positive rate was seen in the residential places,21.74%,and the lowest positive rate was seen in the hospitals,2.94%,with significant difference(P<0.01).Conclusion The water from air-conditioning cooling and shower nozzles in public places in Fengtai District is commonly contaminated with Legionella pneumophila.Hhealth supervision departments should strengthen the sanitary management of artificial water environment.The positive rate of showerhead water in the hospital is significantly lower than that in other places,suggesting that setting higher temperature of showerhead and periodic high-temperature flushing are effective means to control the Legionella pneumophila of shower system.

关 键 词：公共场所 冷却塔水 淋浴喷头水 嗜肺军团菌 军团病 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]