杂交水稻在不同盐浓度下的产量形成和生理响应  

Yield Formation and Physiological Response of Hybrid Rice Under Different Salt Concentrations

作　　者：范文程 魏中伟 金文雨[2] 齐绍武 FAN Wencheng;WEI Zhongwei;JIN Wenyu;QI Shaowu(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Sanya National Center of Technology Innovation for Salt-alkali-tolerant Rice,Sanya,Hainan 572024,China;Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]三亚市国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心,海南三亚572024 [3]湖南杂交水稻研究中心,湖南长沙410125 [4]湖南省农业科学院,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2024年第5期87-96,共10页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：海南省重大科技计划(ZDKJ202001)。

摘　　要：盐胁迫是影响水稻产量的重要原因之一,为探究不同盐浓度胁迫对杂交水稻物质积累、转运及产量形成的影响,以2个耐盐水稻品种(湘两优900和晶两优534)和1个盐敏感水稻品种(隆两优8612)为材料,用天然海水与淡水混合调配,设置0.0%(CK)、0.3%和0.6%共3个盐浓度处理。结果表明,随着盐浓度增加,各水稻品种的产量及产量构成因子均显著下降,同一盐浓度下,耐盐水稻的产量更高。在0.3%盐浓度下,隆两优8612、湘两优900和晶两优534分别比CK减产75.0%、56.6%和43.8%;在0.6%盐浓度下,隆两优8612、湘两优900和晶两优534分别比CK减产92.0%、77.8%和72.9%。此外,耐盐品种通过保持较高的K^(+)/Na^(+)比值,维持离子平衡,同时具有较高的生长速率及茎、叶转运速率,其穗颈节间维管束面积也高于盐敏感品种。综上,在0.3%、0.6%盐浓度下,耐盐品种的生理表现较好,且穗颈维管束系统优于盐敏感品种,有利于水稻的物质积累与转运,提升产量。Salt stress is one of the important factors that affect rice yield.In order to investigate the effects of salt stress on the accumulation and transport of dry matter and the yield formation of hybrid rice,two salt-tolerant rice varieties(Xiangliangyou 900 and Jingliangyou 534)and one salt-sensitive rice variety(Longliangyou 8612)were used as the materials,and three treatments of salt concentration at 0.0%(CK),0.3%and 0.6%,mixed with natural seawater and fresh water,were set.The results showed that the yield and yield components of rice varieties decreased significantly with the increase of salt concentration,and the yield of salt-tolerant rice was higher under the same salt concentration.At 0.3%salt concentration,Longliangyou 8612,Xiangliangyou 900 and Jingliangyou 534 yielded 75.0%,56.6%and 43.8%less than CK,respectively.At 0.6%salt concentration,Longliangyou 8612,Xiangliangyou 900 and Jingliangyou 534 yielded 92.0%,77.8%and 72.9%less than CK,respectively.In addition,compared with the salt-sensitive variety,the salt-tolerant varieties maintained the ion balance by keeping a higher K^(+)/Na^(+)ratio,and had a higher crop growth rate and transport rate of stem and leaf,and a higher vascular bundle area of the panicle neck internode.In conclusion,the physiological performance and the vascular bundle system of panicle neck of the salt-tolerant varieties are better than those of the salt-sensitive variety at 0.3%and 0.6%salt concentrations,which is conducive to dry matter accumulation and transport,and increases the yield of rice.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 盐胁迫 产量形成 生理响应 穗颈维管束 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学] S311