外源ABA对滨海盐碱地水稻农艺性状与产量构成的调控  

Regulation of Agronomic Traits and Yield Composition of Rice in Coastal Saline-alkali Land by Exogenous ABA

作　　者：吴鹍伦 周行 刘琅 褚晶 冯乃杰 郑殿峰 吴朝晖 WU Kunlun;ZHOU Hang;LIU Lang;CHU Jing;FENG Naijie;ZHENG Dianfeng;WU Zhaohui(School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Sanya National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-alkali Tolerant Rice,Sanya,Hainan 572019,China;Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524000,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口570228 [2]三亚市国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心,海南三亚572019 [3]湖南杂交水稻研究中心,湖南长沙410125 [4]广东海洋大学滨海农业学院,广东湛江524000

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2024年第5期97-106,共10页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：2020海南省科技重大专项(ZDKJ202001)。

摘　　要：为解决广东湛江现存的大量滨海盐碱地对农业生产造成不利影响的问题,进一步探究外源ABA在大田实际生产的条件下于拔节期使用叶面喷施的方式对沿海滩涂地带不同品种水稻生长发育的调控,以2种耐盐性具有差异的水稻品种HH11(中等耐盐)和JY007(强耐盐)为试验材料,对新型植物生长调节剂S-ABA开展大田试验,探究外源ABA对天然盐渍土胁迫下水稻的生长发育、光合能力及产量的影响。结果表明,在盐胁迫条件下,中等耐盐品种HH11和强耐盐品种JY007经S-ABA处理后,叶面积、茎基宽、根系伤流量、根体积、SPAD值等指标比未喷施S-ABA的处理显著或极显著提高;盐胁迫下,HH11和JY007两品种经S-ABA处理后,叶片净光合速率分别提高了28.88%和19.80%,而气孔导度可接近无盐胁迫状态的平均水平;此外,有效穗数、每穗总粒数、千粒重和结实率等产量构成指标的提升进一步促进了产量的增加。在盐胁迫条件下,HH11和JY007经外源ABA处理后比未喷施S-ABA的处理分别增产53.44%和29.84%。综上,在盐胁迫条件下,拔节期叶面喷施S-ABA能够有效促进水稻的生长发育,提高光合能力,从而提高产量。In order to solve the problem of adverse effects on agricultural production caused by a large number of existing coastal saline-alkali land in Zhanjiang,Guangdong Province,and further explore the regulation of the growth and development of different rice varieties in the coastal shoal area by using foliar spraying of exogenous ABA in the jointing stage under the conditions of actual field production,two rice varieties HH11(medium salt tolerance)and JY007(strong salt tolerance)with different salt tolerance were used as experimental materials to carry out field experiments on a new type of plant growth regulator S-ABA to investigate the effects of exogenous ABA on the growth and development,photosynthetic capacity and yield of rice under natural saline soil stress.The results showed that under salt stress conditions,the leaf area,stem base width,bleeding intensity of root system,root volume and leaf SPAD value of medium salt-tolerant variety HH11 and strong salt-tolerant variety JY007 were significantly or very significantly increased after S-ABA treatment than those without S-ABA treatment.Under salt stress,after S-ABA treatment,the net photosynthetic rate of the two varieties HH11 and JY007 increased by 28.88%and 19.80%,respectively,while their stomatal conductance was close to the average level of no salt stress.In addition,the increase of yield components such as the number of effective panicles,the number of spikelets per panicle,1000-grain weight and seed setting rate further promoted the increase of yield.Under salt stress conditions,HH11 and JY007 treated with exogenous ABA increased yield by 53.44%and 29.84%,respectively,compared with those treatments without S-ABA spraying.In conclusion,under salt stress conditions,spraying S-ABA on the leaf surface at jointing stage can effectively promote the growth and development of rice,improve the photosynthetic capacity,and thus increase the yield.

关 键 词：耐盐水稻 盐胁迫 ABA 农艺性状 光合能力 产量 

分 类 号：S511.04[农业科学—作物学] S318