高黎贡山南段坡地3种植被类型土壤的持水特性分析  

Soil Water Retention Properties of Three Vegetation Types in Sloping Field of Southern Gaoligong Mountain

作　　者：肖忠卫 孟广涛 张正海 丁家团 马仁义 XIAO Zhongwei;MENG Guangtao;ZHANG Zhenghai;DING Jiatuan;MA Renyi(Southwest Forestry University,Kunming Yunnan 650224,P.R.China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Gaoligong Mountain,Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Gaoligong Mountain Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province,Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland,Baoshan Yunnan 678025,P.R.China;Yunnan Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve,Baoshan Bureau,Baoshan Yunnan 678025,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学,云南昆明650224 [2]云南省林业和草原科学院云南省高黎贡山生物多样性重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [3]云南省林业和草原科学院高黎贡山森林生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站,云南保山678025 [4]云南高黎贡山国家级自然保护区保山管护局,云南保山678025

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2024年第5期24-31,39,共9页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：云南省基础研究计划面上项目(202301AT070390);云南省重点研发计划(202303AC100012);国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1302404)。

摘　　要：为研究高黎贡山坡地不同植被类型土壤的持水特性差异,以天然林(中山湿性常绿阔叶林)、天然草(亚高山草甸)和人工林(珍稀濒危植物保护及恢复示范林)的土壤作为研究对象,系统调查0~80 cm土层的土壤容重、毛管和非毛管孔隙度、含水量、最大持水量、毛管和非毛管持水量以及田间持水量等指标,并分析土壤物理性质对持水量的影响。结果显示:(1)3种植被类型的土壤容重均随土层深度增加而增大,天然林的毛管孔隙度和天然草的非毛管孔隙度呈先增加后降低的趋势,20~40 cm土层的总孔隙度和部分持水量特征最为显著。(2)在0~80 cm各土层中,天然林的土壤容重最低,毛管孔隙度、土壤含水量、最大持水量、毛管持水量和平均非毛管持水量最高(P<0.05);天然草的总孔隙度和平均最大持水量显著高于人工林(P<0.05)。(3)土壤容重与毛管孔隙度及各持水量特征之间存在显著的负相关性,而毛管孔隙度与持水量特征之间则呈显著正相关;天然林的最大持水量和毛管持水量对土壤容重及毛管孔隙度的响应比天然草和人工林更强烈;在较大的土壤容重和较低的毛管孔隙度下,人工林的田间持水量高于天然林。研究结果表明,天然林的综合持水能力最高,天然草次之,人工林最低;相比于天然草和人工林,改善天然林的土壤物理特性对提升水源涵养功能具有更显著的效果,而改善人工林的土壤物理性质对提升土壤持水能力的空间更大;在特定土壤条件下种植人工林,可获得比天然林更优的保水效果和生态效益。研究结果可为高黎贡山区域生态系统水土保持功能提升、生态恢复和人工林经营的生态效益提升提供理论依据。In order to research the differences in soil water retention properties of different vegetation types in sloping field of Gaoligong mountain,the soils of natural forests(mid-mountain moist evergreen broadleaf forests),natural grasslands(subalpine meadow),and artificial forests(demonstration forests for the protection and restoration of rare and endangered plants)were investigated.The soil bulk density,capillary and non-capillary porosity,water content,maximum water holding capacity,capillary and non-capillary water holding capacity,and field capacity at different depths of 0-80 cm were measured,and the effects of soil physical properties on water retention capacities were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The soil bulk density of the three vegetation types increased with increasing soil depth.The capillary porosity of natural forests and the non-capillary porosity of natural grasslands first increased and then decreased,with the total porosity and some water retention capacities reaching their maximum at the 20-40 cm soil layer.(2)Among the soil layers from 0 to 80 cm,the natural forests had the lowest soil bulk density,the highest capillary porosity,soil water content,maximum water holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity and average non-capillary water holding capacity(P<0.05).The total porosity and average maximum water holding capacity of natural grasslands were significantly higher than those of artificial forests(P<0.05).(3)There was a significant negative correlation between soil bulk density and capillary porosity,as well as various water retention capacities,while the latter two were significant positively correlated.The maximum and capillary water holding capacities of natural forests responded more strongly to soil bulk density and capillary porosity than those of natural grasslands and artificial forests.Under conditions of higher soil bulk density and lower capillary porosity,the field capacity of artificial forests was higher than that of natural forests.These results indicated that natur

关 键 词：高黎贡山 土壤容重 土壤孔隙度 土壤持水量 水源涵养 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]