江西不同林分油茶林病虫害种类调查及发生差异分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Differences in The Types of Pests and Diseases in Different Stands of Camellia oleifera Forests in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：陈元生[1] 于海萍[1] 罗致迪 张杨斌 钟晶 CHEN Yuansheng;YU Haiping;LUO Zhidi;ZHANG Yangbin;ZHONG Jing(Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College,Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000,P.R.China;Longnan Forestry Bureau of Jiangxi Province,Ganzhou Jiangxi 341700,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]江西环境工程职业学院,江西赣州341000 [2]江西省龙南市林业局,江西赣州341700

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2024年第5期100-107,115,共9页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目(20212BBF63045);江西省教育厅科技计划(GJJ161375);江西省林业科技创新项目(创新专项[2021]28号)。

摘　　要：为弄清不同林分油茶林病虫害种类及发生危害程度的差异,对江西具有代表性的3种林分类型(人工油茶纯林、近野生老油茶林、油茶-茶间作林)油茶林进行其病虫害种类、发生危害的调查分析。结果显示:江西省危害人工油茶纯林的病害有15种、虫害有80种。油茶炭疽病、软腐病、藻斑病、煤污病、白星病和茶苞病6种为主要病害,占总病害数的40%;蛀干害虫9种(占11.25%),以油茶织蛾、茶梢蛾和蓝翅天牛为优势种;蛀果害虫1种,油茶象甲为害较重;食叶害虫40种(占50%),以肖叶甲科、卷蛾科和细蛾科害虫为优势类群;刺吸类害虫25种(占31.25%),以考氏白盾蚧、黑胶粉虱、矢尖蚧、碧蛾蜡蝉为优势种。与油茶纯林相比,近野生油茶林病虫害的发生表现出种类更少(73种,减少了22种)、发生程度更轻、优势病虫害不明显等特点;油茶-茶树间作林病虫害种类与人工纯林相当,但一些病害偏重发生如芽枯病,一些茶树叶部害虫茶小绿叶蝉、茶黄毒蛾、茶蚜、茶银尺蛾等转移至油茶上偏重发生。不同林分类型的油茶林,其病虫害种类及发生危害程度均存在明显差异,实践工作中,应依据不同林分油茶林优势病虫害发生情况,提出有针对性的防控策略。In order to clarify the differences in the types and severity of pests and diseases in different forest stands of Camellia oleifera,a survey and analysis were conducted on the types of pests and diseases and their occurrence and harm in three representative forest stands Jiangxi Province(pure artificial C.oleifera forest,approximate wild old C.oleifera forest,and C.oleifera-Camellia sinensis intercropping forest).The results showed that there are 15 types of diseases and 80 types of pests that harm artificial C.oleifera pure forests in Jiangxi Province.Among the 15 diseases,6 dominant diseases,including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Agaricodochium camellia,Cephaleuros virescens,Neocapnodium theae,Phyllosticta theaefolia,and Exobasidium gracile,account for 40%of the total number of diseases;Among the 80 types of pests,9 species(11.25%)of stem boring pests are dominated by Casmara patrona,Parametriotes theae,and Bacchisa atritarsis,one fruit eating pest,with Curculio chinensis causing significant damage,40 species of leaf eating pests(accounting for 50%)are dominated by pests from Eumolpidae,Tortricidae,and Gracilariidae,and 25 species(31.25%)of piercing and sucking pests are dominated by Pseudaulacaspis caspiscockerelli,Aleurotrachelus camellia,Unaspis yanonensis,and Ceisha distinctissima.Compared with artificial C.oleifera pure forests,the occurrence of pests and diseases in approximate wild forests shows new characteristics of change,namely fewer types of pests and diseases(73,a decrease of 22),lighter occurrence,and less obvious dominant pests and diseases;The types of pests and diseases in C.oleifera-C.sinensis intercropping forests are comparable to those in artificial pure forests,but some diseases tend to occur more frequently,such as Phyllosticta gemmiphliae.Some pests of tea leaves,such as Empoasca flavescens,Euproctis pseudocon spersa,Toxoptera aurantii,and Scopula subpunctaria,tend to transfer to C.oleifera occurs with a heavy emphasis.It can be seen that there are significant differences in the types

关 键 词：油茶 病虫害 种类调查 人工林 近野生林 林分 江西 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S763[农业科学—林学]